1. Nowadays more and more children are being brought up in single-parent families. What are the causes of this? What effects can be seen as a result of this?

11. People nowadays sleep less than they used to in the past. What do you think is the reason behind this? What are the effects on individuals and people around them?
It is believed that in the modern world people tend to sleep less rather than in recent ages. In my firm conviction, this is mainly because of the usage of phones or laptops before going to the bed. The impact of undersleeping might cause a decline in productivity.
To begin with, electric devices used before sleeping time are disturbing the brain. In other words, for better sleep, it is necessary to put away mobile phones and other gadgets for the sake of letting our brain relax and prepare for the night, otherwise, its activity would be continued and as a result, a person would have problems with falling asleep. For example, recent research was about two groups of people who went to the bed without disturbing by phone and another group which was using them even in the bed. the results show that in contrary to people who didn't see their devices those, who did, had problems such as insomnia, hence, slept fewer. Another thing is that individuals' effectiveness is declining due to not enough sleeping. When the body has gotten a sufficient number of sleeping hours the person would feel energetic in comparison with those who slept just for five hours. To illustrate, in Japan, where people have to work at least nine hours, scientists discovered less productivity, owing to tiredness and willingness to sleep rather than work. In conclusion, in recent centuries people slept more than nowadays. I reckon that usage of electric devices disturbing us, moreover, it has a harmful impact on the person's productivity.