Bone fracture abbreviated frx or Fx, Fx, or #

Anatomical location[edit]

An anatomical classification may begin with specifying the involved body part, such as the head or arm, followed with more specific localization. Fractures that have additional definition criteria than merely localization often may be classified as subtypes of fractures, such as a Holstein-Lewis fracture being a subtype of a humerus fracture. Most typical examples in an orthopaedic classification given in the previous section cannot be classified appropriately into any specific part of an anatomical classification, however, as they may apply to multiple anatomical fracture sites.

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  Skull fracture
  
  • 
    Basilar skull fracture
    
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    Blowout fracture – a fracture of the walls or floor of the orbit
    
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    Mandibular fracture
    
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    Nasal fracture
    
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    Le Fort fracture of skull – facial fractures involving the maxillary bone and surrounding structures in a usually bilateral and either horizontal, pyramidal, or transverse way.
    
• 
  Spinal fracture
  
  • 
    Cervical fracture
    
    • 
      Fracture of C1, including Jefferson fracture
      
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      Fracture of C2, including Hangman's fracture
      
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      Flexion teardrop fracture – a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebral
      
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    Clay-shoveler fracture – fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae
    
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    Burst fracture – in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load
    
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    Compression fracture – a collapse of a vertebra, often in the form of wedge fractures due to larger compression anteriorly
    
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    Chance fracture – compression injury to the anterior portion of a vertebral body with concomitant distraction injury to posterior elements
    
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    Holdsworth fracture – an unstable fracture dislocation of the thoracolumbar junction of the spine
    
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  Rib fracture
  
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  Sternal fracture
  
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  Shoulder fracture
  
  • 
    Clavicle fracture
    
  • 
    Scapular fracture
    
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  Arm fracture
  
  • 
    Humerus fracture (fracture of upper arm)
    
    • 
      Supracondylar fracture
      
    • 
      Holstein-Lewis fracture – a fracture of the distal third of the humerus resulting in entrapment of the radial nerve
      
  • 
    Forearm fracture
    
    • 
      Ulnar fracture
      
      • 
        Monteggia fracture – a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of the radius
        
      • 
        Hume fracture – a fracture of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head
        
    • 
      Radius fracture
      
      • 
        Essex-Lopresti fracture – a fracture of the radial head with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane^[9]
        
      • 
        Distal radius fracture
        
        • 
          Galeazzi fracture – a fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
          
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          Colles' fracture – a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand
          
        • 
          Smith's fracture – a distal fracture of the radius with volar (ventral) displacement of the wrist and hand
          
        • 
          Barton's fracture – an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint
          
• 
  Hand fracture
  
  • 
    Scaphoid fracture
    
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    Rolando fracture – a comminuted intra-articular fracture through the base of the first metacarpal bone
    
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    Bennett's fracture – a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone which extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint ^[10]
    
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    Boxer's fracture – a fracture at the neck of a metacarpal
    
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  Pelvic fracture
  
  • 
    Fracture of the hip bone
    
  • 
    Duverney fracture – an isolated pelvic fracture involving only the iliac wing
    
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  Femoral fracture
  
  • 
    Hip fracture (anatomically a fracture of the femur bone and not the hip bone)
    
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  Patella fracture
  
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  Crus fracture
  
  • 
    Tibia fracture
    
    • 
      Pilon fracture
      
    • 
      Tibial plateau fracture
      
    • 
      Bumper fracture – a fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused by a forced valgus applied to the knee
      
    • 
      Segond fracture – an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle
      
    • 
      Gosselin fracture – a fractures of the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments ^[11]
      
    • 
      Toddler's fracture – an undisplaced and spiral fracture of the distal third to distal half of the tibia ^[12]
      
  • 
    Fibular fracture
    
    • 
      Maisonneuve fracture – a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane
      
    • 
      Le Fort fracture of ankle – a vertical fracture of the antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament^[11]
      
    • 
      Bosworth fracture – a fracture with an associated fixed posterior dislocation of the distal fibular fragment that becomes trapped behind the posterior tibial tubercle; the injury is caused by severe external rotation of the ankle ^[13]
      
  • 
    Combined tibia and fibula fracture
    
    • 
      Trimalleolar fracture – involving the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia
      
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      Bimalleolar fracture – involving the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus
      
    • 
      Pott's fracture
      
• 
  Foot fracture
  
  • 
    Lisfranc fracture – in which one or all of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus^[14]
    
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    Jones fracture – a fracture of the proximal end of the fifth metatarsal
    
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    March fracture – a fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress
    
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    Calcaneal fracture - a fracture of the calcaneus (heel bone)