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REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The Republic of Uzbekistan situated in the heart of Asia, in the territory known since ancient times as Bactria, Maverannahr^1[1], and later on as Turkistan^2[2]. The cities of Samarkand and Bukhara served as major centres of trade and enlightenment on the crossroads of the Great Silk Road linking the civilizations of the East and the West.

On the 31^st of August 1991 the Parliament of the Republic proclaimed the independence of Uzbekistan. On March 2^nd, 1992 the Republic of Uzbekistan became a full member of the United Nations Organization.

Uzbekistan is a multinational republic. Population - 26 million people. Territory-447.8 000. Sq.km. Capital-Tashkent. Ethnic groups: Uzbeks, Russians, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Tatars, Koreans, Ukrainians, Turkmen, Jews, Germans, Karakalpaks, Kyrgyz...

The Republic of Uzbekistan has favourable natural and geographical conditions. Present day Uzbekistan retains key position in many sectors of industrial production, agriculture, science and culture. Uzbekistan Has great economic potential from its own resources.

The Republic rates 7^th or 8^th in world gold production and 2^nd among the CIS states.

Uzbekistan has rich reserves of gas, coal and oil. Energy resources of Uzbekistan including oil products are available in sufficient quantities to turn it into an exporting country within the coming years.

A considerable share of the Republic’s industrial potential goes to the production of non-ferrous metals, especially copper, lead, zinc, uranium, rare metals and other minerals.

The greater part of prospected mineral deposits have a developed infra – structure, including available energy and transport communications, reserves of labour force.

The Republic produces various machinery and equipment for the needs of chemical industry and agriculture. Furthermore it is provided with a highly developed chemical industry, which puts out various product including nitric and phosphoric fertilizers, plastics, paints, etc. A number of plants manufacture industrial compressors, refrigerating equipment and textile machines. The Tashkent Aircraft Construction Plant is one of the major industrial enterprises in Uzbekistan manufacturing dozens of IL-76 cargo jet – planes.

Uzbekistan is the fifth largest producer and the second biggest exporter (after USA) of cotton in the world. The highly developed agrarian sector of Uzbekistan, apart from cotton, produces substantial quantities of rice, vegetables, fruit, vegetable oil, silk, leather and wool. Uzbekistan is one of the main exporters of this produce to the CIS states.

Uzbekistan has a well – developed transportation system. A railway line connects it today directly with China. Thousands of kilometres – long highways, airlines and water routes make up the national transportation system.

Uzbekistan has established its own Air Company carrying out direct international flights to Istanbul, Delhi, Kuala Lumpur, Karachi, Jidda, Tel-Aviv, Urumchi and London; commercial cargo flights are made to a number of other countries. It is planned to open regular direct passenger flights to a number of European and Asian states.

The level of public education in Uzbekistan mainly corresponds to that of industrialized countries. The Republic has completely eliminated illiteracy. There are more than 50 educational establishments of higher learning, among them Tashkent State University, the biggest in Central Asia. Founded 50 years ago in Tashkent, the National Academy of Sciences includes now about 40 Research Centres. Some of them are highly reputed in the CIS countries and abroad, especially those in the field of chemistry, physics, and mathematics.