Microsoft Word tourism impacts



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(@RS IELTS) Physical impacts of tourism



Environmental Impacts of Tourism 
https://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html 
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22.09.2022, 18:56
In industrial countries, mass tourism and recreation are now fast overtaking the extractive industries as the largest 
threat to mountain communities and environments. Since 1945, visits to the 10 most popular mountainous national 
parks in the United States have increased twelve-fold. In the European Alps, tourism now exceeds 100 million visitor- 
days. Every year in the Indian Himalaya, more than 250,000 Hindu pilgrims, 25,000 trekkers, and 75 mountaineering 
expeditions climb to the sacred source of the Ganges River, the Gangotri Glacier. They deplete local forests for 
firewood, trample riparian vegetation, and strew litter. Even worse, this tourism frequently induces poorly planned, 
land-intensive development. 
(Source: People and the Planet) 
 
PHYSICAL IMPACTS 
Attractive landscape sites, such as sandy beaches, lakes, riversides, and mountain tops and slopes, are often transitional 
zones, characterized by species-rich ecosystems. Typical physical impacts include the degradation of such ecosystems. 
An ecosystem is a geographic area including all the living organisms (people, plants, animals, and microorganisms), 
their physical surroundings (such as soil, water, and air), and the natural cycles that sustain them. The ecosystems most 
threatened with degradation are ecologically fragile areas such as alpine regions, rain forests, wetlands, mangroves, coral 
reefs and sea grass beds. The threats to and pressures on these ecosystems are often severe because such places are very 
attractive to both tourists and developers. 
Physical impacts are caused not only by tourism-related land clearing and construction, but by continuing tourist 
activities and long-term changes in local economies and ecologies. 

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