Ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages english language faculty №1 Course paper theme: james aldridge-his life and work group: Written by: Supervisor

CHAPTER II. THE FAMOUS WORKS OF WRITER WHICH WERE IN THE TREND OF THE LAST CENTURIES LITERATURE
2.1 Information about the novel “The diplomat”
Aldridge's struggle for peace is inextricably linked with his work. The novel "Diplomat" (1949), on which the author worked for four years, is convincing evidence of this.
In "Diplomat", the author, with great power, exposed the reactionary imperialist essence of England's foreign policy, revealed its treacherous, provocative methods, showed people who are executors of practical measures carried out in terms of this policy. At the same time, the author gave the image of an honest young English scientist McGregor, who accidentally ended up in the diplomatic service after the Second World War. Realizing the true goals of British diplomacy - the preparation of a new world war - McGregor breaks with diplomatic service and comes to the camp of peace activists.The author used as the backdrop against which the fictional characters of the novel act, the actual historical events: the people's liberation movement in Iranian Azerbaijan after the Second World War and the creation of a local democratic government there, which carried out some democratic transformations. The reactionary Tehran government fought a fierce struggle against the Democrats. England and the United States came to the aid of the Iranian reaction.
“And the rose fell on Azor's paw” ... The ideal beginning of a love story in romantic scenery, everything is somehow vaguely familiar (did you also always think that Azor is the nickname of a dog?) And at the same time it's difficult to perceive, era, a scene - everywhere there are only one space and question marks. Another thing is Aldridge. Here rushing is sheer specificity, in the characters, there are really existing politicians like Molotov and Stalin, and the very name “Diplomat” puts us in a completely recognizable environment. Undercover intrigues, social events, business trips, and adventures - everything, as in life, but in a more concentrated form. And yet - full of tension dialogues, controversy, the brilliance of political arguments, eloquence on both sides, passing, however, at times into overt demagoguery. The confrontation of two characters, two heroes is an ideal and insoluble conflict. Thus, Aldridge saturates the text of the novel with excellent dramaturgy, and the way the author knows how to interest the reader, keep him in suspense, is a definite merit of the author, an advantage that cannot be taken away from him. 840 pages in paper is truly a major work, but he did not tire me of either his lengths or the pamphlet character of the monologues. The book, of course, is very saturated with ideology, how not to admit. But since the writer aims to expose capitalism and shows with all his sympathies for Soviet Russia that it is not necessary to be a communist to be an honest person, the political line of the novel evokes a certain sympathy, and the author respects it. It is not easy to spit against the wind, and at all times the anti-liberal and anti-American text issued in the West will cause a lot of misunderstanding among critics of all stripes. Let's be fair - there are convinced people among them.
At one time, James Aldridge was not particularly popular and loved in bourgeois Europe, his pro-Soviet sympathies were too obvious. In the Soviet Union, the author's books were printed with great zeal. Today this writer has become unreadable in Uzbekistan, most likely for the same designated reason. Times are changing ... Although Aldridge was far from being a communist, and his true principles and position can be seen just in the novel "Diplomat". But perhaps this is not the main thing, but the fact that Aldridge's attitudes, thoughts, and messages are relevant today as never before, and the events that take place in the novel are easily interfaced with today's reality. Times are changing, but not always for the better. “Diplomat” is a serious and somewhat heavy work in terms of its semantic load and global topics that are raised there. The novel takes place in the years after the Second World War, when the world was redrawn, and the leading powers on the "bloody scraps" began to build new strategies and weave diplomatic intrigues in order to secure the biggest jackpot in the "new" world. In the work, the two main heroes are the antagonists - a brilliant English diplomat with an impeccable reputation, Lord Essex, and his assistant McGregor - a learned paleontologist who, by chance after the war, was demobilized to the Ministry of Indian Affairs. It is these two heroes that personify completely two opposite principles, two opposite points of view, and if it is wider, then two political vectors. The confrontation and symbolism of these heroes are emphasized even by the very structure of the work. It is divided into two books, which are called “Essex” and “McGregor”. The plot also involves the heroine - Katherine Clive, with whom not only the love line of the novel is connected, but which also has a more conceptual role - it is like a thread connecting two opposing, but equally aspiring heroes to it. Who will she choose, who can attract her to her side, whose point of view will she accept? This issue will be resolved only on the last pages of the novel. The book "Essex" and the hero of Essex. The events take place in Moscow, the English lord diplomat arrives in Moscow with an important mission: to convince Russia to withdraw its troops from Iranian Azerbaijan, in which the revolution took place, the centralized Iranian power was overthrown by the democratic party. The British government was convinced that it was the Russians who helped to bring about the coup. Naturally, all the fears of England are connected with the oil that it produces in this region, but, in order to maintain their influence, the stiff English hide behind completely different reasons for their “concern” (interference in the internal affairs of Iran, the situation of its inhabitants, etc.). Essex masterfully owns diplomatic receptions, besides, he is overly loyal to his government, fully supports his line, and, of course, expects to achieve a favorable result for England by any means, even, in which case, resort to cunning tricks. The entire operation of the first book is connected with the negotiations that Essex conducts with the leadership of the Reds. There are real historical figures here: Stalin, Molotov, Vyshinsky, and others. In Moscow, the characters get to know the employee of the embassy, Catherine Clive, a true Englishwoman, an aristocrat, self-confident and foolish. Essex confidently decides that he will take her to England and marry her, McGregor unconsciously falls in love with a young woman, but can not understand her radically different behavior and closes in her feelings. The book "McGregor" and the hero of McGregor. He not only does not share the views of Essex, but also openly opposes them. McGregor is a scientist, not a politician, but knows very well about the life of the Iranians, since he was born and raised in this country, and then worked for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. He is abhorred by the deceitfulness of the official position of England, which is covered by concern for the integrity of Iran, the well-being of its inhabitants, but is truly interested only in its oil rigs. Moreover, McGregor bitterly understands that it is beneficial for the British that poverty, lack of culture, and corruption reigned in Iran. It's easier to control this country. In the McGregor book, the heroes, at the invitation of Stalin, go to Iranian Azerbaijan to see for themselves what is happening there. This book is especially eventful and full of interesting characters, details, descriptions. If in the first book Aldridge's increased attention to detail was a little tiring and seemed to drag out the narrative, then here it brought true pleasure. The author skillfully immerses in the unknown world of the East, helps to master it.
Take a closer look at the residents, walk along the unfamiliar streets of the Iranian city, admire amazing national costumes, suddenly find yourself in the mountains of Kurdistan and learn about such a mystical and magnificent place like Takht-i-Suleiman, the secrets of which are revealed by an earth angel - Father Daud (and find out who are earthly angels), to be horrified by the fanatically cruel feast of Tazia and imbued with oriental wisdom and a sense of humor. The denouement of the whole plot takes place in England, upon the arrival of the heroes in their country. It is here that a decisive clash of views takes place - the truth of McGregor and Essex's loyalty. What will win in the end, in whose favor will the scales roll? Will the world stop for a moment and think about which way in the new time he should choose. History (I mean real-world history) shows that Essex won. And all the fears of Aldridge (for example, regarding the role of America, which at that time only skillfully arranged its networks) came true. But if you don't think about the sad, the book is very informative, it has a lot of cultural, historical, moral artifacts. I am sure that no one will regret reading it. I personally just fell in love with the way the author spoke about the East. I look forward to what can be found in his work.
In June 1953, the World Peace Council awarded James Aldridge a gold medal for his novel Diplomat. This testifies to the recognition by the world community of the great merits of this outstanding artist and fighter for peace.
The novelist depicts social events in the life of English society in the light of great historical prospects. He clearly sees the features of the new in the fates of the peoples of the Middle East, he knows that the victory of democratic forces is inevitable, although the reaction may temporarily triumph. The system of images of his novel serves to reveal the opposite of the two worlds. Full of tension and drama, the novel "Diplomat" is imbued with a sense of historical optimism, faith in the strength of the people.
The writer came so close to the problems of today, to the chronicle of modern events, that he was in danger of slipping down the path of illustration and fluent sketches. But the artist happily avoided this. Deploying a motley series of events of international significance to readers, the novelist created capacious, plastic images against their background revealed a complex and contradictory game of public interests, showed the connection and clash of various human destinies as an expression of social antagonisms, as a manifestation of contradictions between the world leaving and the world that is born in the fight.
Aldridge's satirical special success is the image of Essex precisely because it is not given in isolation, but is included in a great perspective, and this allowed the writer with all conviction to show how hopeless the case that Essex defends, how tragicomic his attempts to make history are. The life truth of this image lies in the deep and consistent debunking of the philosophy of a sophisticated diplomat who plays a tragic role in the life of nations.
Using all the positive that he obtained in the early period of his work, the author deeply solves the problem of the positive hero of our time. In the rapprochement with the people and their liberation struggle, the best aspects of the character of John Quail, Enges Burke, Stone, Wolf - positive heroes of the early works of Aldridge were manifested. All the previous artistic finds of the writer were further developed in the novel "Diplomat" and acquired a new quality. Compared to early things, the tone and style of the novel "Diplomat" takes on a different character. Aldridge appears in it both as a deeper and more mature artist-realist, boldly intruding into the world of political passions, figuring out the subtle connection of the hero's personal feelings and actions with the social situation, and as a militant satirist. The novel "Diplomat" is an important milestone on the creative path of a talented artist. And at the same time, it testifies to the victory of innovative trends that mark the emergence of a new stage in the development of advanced English literature of our days.