Mundarija : Kirish: I – bob: Fe`l haqida ma`lumot 1 Ingliz va o`zbek tillarida fe`l 1,2

Holatni yoki turg`unlikni bildiruvchi leksik – semantik guruhga kiruvchi fe`llar.
O`timsiz fe`llarning leksik – semantik gruppalari “ushlamoq” ma`nosiga ega bo`lgan o`timli fe`llarning 5 tasi quyidagicha LSG (Leksik Semantik Gruppa) tuzadi, va uning modeli quyidagicha vtr+c
1. LSG ni tashkil qiladigan fe`llar:
Clench – siqmoq
Clasp – siqmoq
Shragged – qismoq
Fold - buklamoq
Grip – ushlamoq
Bu fe`llar quyidagi frazalarni tashkil qiladi:
To clench smth (his hands) a clench smth clenching smth.
Biror narsani siqmoq (uning qo`llarini) – biror narsani siqish – siqilayotgan narsa.
To glasp smth – a glasp smth (her hend) – glasing smth.
To shrug smth (my shoulders) – a shrug smth – shrugging smth
Biror narsani qismoq (mening yelkalarimni) – biror narsani qisish – qisilayotgan narsa.
LSG – bu gruppadagi fe`llar “qimirlatmoq” ma`nosiga ega bo`lib, 10 ta fe`ldan tashkil topadi va uning LSG modeli quyidagicha bo`ladi. Vtr + c
To shook – qimirlatmoq
To blink – pirpiratmoq
To touch – turtib yubormoq
To kick – tepib yubormoq
To rais – ko`tarmoq
To stand – turmoq
To move – qimirlatmoq
To bent – engashtirmoq
To turn – burmoq
To stir – silkitmoq
Bu LSG dagi fe`llar quyidagi frazalarni tashkil qiladi va ular substantive yoki oyektiv boshqaruvga ega bo`lishi ham mumkin
to shook smth (her head) – a shook smth – shocking smth
biror narsani qimirlatmoq (uning boshini) – biror narsani qimirlatish – qimirlayotgan narsa.
Np<sub>1</sub> – Nuclear predicating – yadroviy predikatsiya etuvchi bo`lakdir. – ega.
Np₂ - Nuclear predicating – yadroviy predikatsiya etuvchi bo`lakdir. – kesim.
D<sub>1</sub> dependent – tobe bo`lak.
1. Diane sat at the table very sleeply
Diana stulda mudrab (uxlab) yotardi. (E.H.F)
1 2 3 4



Np₂ D₁
Np₁ D₂
2) the girl stood just inside the door.
Qiz eshik oldida (bo`sag`ada) turgandi. (K.M.S. p125)
1 2 3 4

Np₂ D₁

N p₁ D₂
3) There lay a young man fast asleep
U yerda bir yigit qattiq uxlab yotardi.


1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

4) The girl were in Belgium last week

Qizlar o`tgan haftada belgiyada bo`lishdi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

5) We live in a house in a village (E.H. p96)

Biz qishloqdagi bir uyda yashaymiz
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
6) We had been in the country
Biz shahar tashqarisida bo`ldik (E.H. p75)
1 2 3

N p₁ Np₂ D₁
7) I slept on the floor of the corridor
Men koridor polida uxladim (E.H. p113)
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
8) Stay here in the sunlight
Shu yerda quyosh nurida turing
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
9) Man was asleep in the chair
O`sha kishi stulga o`tirgabcha uxlab yotardi (E.H. p110)
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

10) He is slowly recovering, from his illness

U kasaldan sekinlik bilan tuzalmoqda
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

11) I went up the ladder (E.H. p125)

1 2 3

N p₁ Np₂ D₁
12) I went to the window
Men deraza yoniga bordim (E.H p29)
1 2 3

N p₁ Np₂ D₁
13) We returned to the hospital.
Biz kasalxonaga qaytdik (E.H. p126)
1 2 3

D₁

N p₁ Np₂
14) She went over to the wash stand.
U rakovina tomonga ketdi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
15) The boy ran to me like a wild thing.
Bola men tomonga telbalarcha yugurib keldi. (E.H. p19)
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

16) Suddenly he walked towards Janny

U to`satdan Jenya tomon yurdi (F. A. p120)
1 2 3 4

N p₁ Np₂ D₁ D₂
17) He looked in the direction of the park.
Park tomonga qarab yurdi.
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
18) He has gone to his home (P.D.J)
U o`zini uyiga ketdi.
1 2 3

D₁
N p₁ Np₂
19) The voice came to him again, out of the darkness
Ovoz unga yana qorong`ulikdan kelardi. (P. Y. D. p167)
1 2 3 4 5

D₁
Np₂
N p₁ D₂

20) He had fallen froma tree

U daraxtdan yiqilib tushdi. (P. Y. D. p155)
1 2 3

D₁
N p₁ Np₂
21) A porter came out from under the shelter (P. Y. D. p120)
Hamma kulba ichidan chiqib keldi.
1 2 3 4 5

D₁
Np₂
N p₁ D₂

22) John fell down the tree (O.D.Sh. p127)

Jon daraxtdan yiqildi.
1 2 3

Np₂ D₁
N p₁
23) Wind flew from the east (E.H. p110)
Shamol sharqdan esardi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
24) He stepped out of bed (E.H. p173)
U kravatdan turdi.
1 2 3

Np₂ D₁
N p₁ Np₂
25) He ran into the hall holding a box high in the air (K.M.S. p29)
U zalga yugurganicha qo`lidagi quttichani baland ko`targanicha keldi.
1 2 3 4 5

D₁
Np₂ D₃
N p₁ D₂

26) they moved into the dinning room.

Ular oshxonaga ko`chib kirishdi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

27) You walked into the waiting-room (E.H. p96)

Siz oshxonaga kirib ketdingiz
1 2 3

D₁
N p₁ Np₂
28) We went out for a walk (P.J.D. p28)
Biz tashqariga sayrga chiqdik
1 2 3 4
D₁
Np₁ Np₂ D₂
29) I looked outside it was dark (E.H. p38)
Men tashqariga qaradim, atrof qorong`u edi.
1 2 3 4 5

D₂
Np₂ D₁
N p₁ D₃

30) They came out with a shudder (K.M.S. p66)

Ular titragancha tashqariga chiqishdi.
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
31) We crossed the brickyard (E.H. p38)
Biz g`ishtli hovlini kesib o`tdik.
1 2 3

D₁
N p₁ Np₂
32) Miss Brill nearly laughed out (K.M.S. p90)
Brillxonim o`zini kulishdan zo`rg`a tutib turardi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂

33) His noise trembled with anger (H.O.D. p69)
Uning ovozi jaxildan titradi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂

34) We were trembling with cold

Biz sovuqdan titradik (B.Y.Y. p133)
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

35) She was shaking with cold (B.Y.Y. p320)

U sovuqdan qaltiradi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂
36) I`m tired of this monotonous music
Men bu bir xil ohangdagi musiqadan charchadim.
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
37) He is still hesitating about journey (B.Y. p26)
U hali safar haqida ikkilanyapti.
1 2 3 4
D₁
Np₁ Np₂ D₂

38) I fear it is a thankless business (E.H. p29)

Men qo`rqamanki bu befoyda biznes
1 2 3 4



N p₁ Np₂ D₁

39) She tried not smile too much (K.M.S. p98)

U ko`p kulmaslikka harakat qildi.
1 2 3 4

_\ D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

40) My aunt decided to move (Y.M as p19)

Mening holam ko`chishga qaror qildi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂
41) He decided to get up and look at the boys photograph (K.M.S p133)
U o`rnidan turib bolalarning suratini ko`rishga qaror qildi.
1 2 3 4 5

D₂
Np₂ D₁
N p₁ D₃

42) He started to go to up the road. (E.H. p60)

U yo`l bo`ylab ketishni boshladi.
1 2 3 4

Np₂

N p₁ Np₂ D₁ D₂
43) He stopped doing his lessons and fell asleep (Driser p180)
U dars qiishdan to`xtadi va uyquga ketdi.
1 2 3 4



N p₁ Np₂ D₁
44) His coffee grew cold (Driser)
Uning kofisi sovib qoldi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂
45) I`ve been working hard day (H.O.D. p75)
Men kun bo`yi qattiq ishladim.
1 2 3 4

Np₂

N p₁ D₁ D₂

46) You should think before doing it (H.O.D. p68)

Siz buni qilishingizdan oldin o`ylashingiz kerak edi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

47) Cows and sheeps grace in the fields (H.E. p48)

Sigirlar va qo`ylar dalalarda o`tlashadi.
1 2 3
Np₂

Np₁ Np₂ D₁
48) The days are being to shorten (H.O.D. p69)
Kunlar qisqarmoqda
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂
49) Most of people want to be rich (H.O.D)
Ko`pchilik odamlar boyishni hohlashadi.
1 2 3
Np₂

Np₁ Np₂ D₁

50) The child cried from hunger (E.H. p160)

Bola ochlikdan baqirdi. (chinqirdi)
1 2 3

Np₂
Np₁

51) I didn`t recognize him. He had changed a lot (Driser p98)

Men uni tanimadim, u juda o`zgarib ketgan.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

52) Move your chair nearer to the fire (E. H. p46)

Stulingizni gulxanga yaqinroq siljiting.
1 2 3
N p₁ Np₂ Np₃

53) We have to just walk here. ( E.H. p22)

Biz bu yerga hozirgina yetib keldik.
1 2 3 4
D₁
N p₁ Np₂ D₂

54) We had come into the town (E.H. p25)

Biz shaharning markaziga yetib keldik.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂

55) She returned to the street (T.U.B. p 25)

U ko`chadan qaytib keldi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂

56) I walked on the down a back street (E.H. p90)

Men ko`chadan orqamga qaytib keldim.
1 2 3 4



N p₁ Np₂ D₁
57) They moved into the dining-room (E.H. p88)
Ular oshxonaga ko`chib o`tishdi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂

58) English family had not arrived got (Y.M. p20)

Ingliz oilasi qaytib kelmadi.
1 2 3


Np₁ Np₂
59) They entered the room (Y.S. m. p21)
Ular xonaga kirishdi.
1 2 3

D₁
Np₁ Np₂

60) The major stepped into a richly burnished room. (Y.S.m. p39)

Mayyor yaxshi kayfiyat bilan qadam tashladi.
1 2 3 4

D₁

N p₁ Np₂ D₂
Xulosa.
Mazkur Bitiruv mlakaviy ishimning obyekti bo`lgan “Hozirgi zamon ingliz va o`zbek tillarida o`timsiz fellar” ning ishlatilishini tashkil etadi.
Shuningdek o`timli fe`l haqida ham bir muncha ma`lumot berib o`tdim. Men bu Bitiruv malakaviy ishimni yozishda ayniqsa bir qator tilshunos olimlarning mazkur soxadagi ilmiy izlanishlariga tayandik (V.V. Vinogradov, Smirnitskiy, V.N. Jigarlo, O.Espersen, A.N. Kakanov, V.I. Yarseva, B.A. Ilish, Kaushanskaya, U. Tursunov, J. Muxtorov, J. Bo`ronov )
Birinchidan – Hozirgi zamon ingliz va o`zbek tillaridagi o`timsiz fe`llarni gapdagi o`rni va vazifalarini badiy adabiyotdan olingan misollar asosida lingvistik tahlil qildim. Ingliz tilidagi o`timsiz fe`llarni o`zbek tilidagi tarjima variant bilan qiyosladim.
Ikkinchidan o`timsiz fe`l gapda asosan eganing faoliyatini ko`rsatishni aniqladim. Ingliz va o`zbek tillarida o`timsiz fe`llarni asosan leksik- semantic guruxga bo`ldik, ya`ni ular xolat va turg`unlikni ko`rsatuvchi leksik semantic guruxga kiruvchi fe`llar: to stand, to like, to exist, to stay, to lay, va shu kabi fe`llar harakatni ko`rsatuvchi leksik- semantic guruxga kiruvchi fe`llar. To do to run, to return, to walk, to move, to enter, to step, va shu kabi boshqa fe`llar haqida to`xtalib o`tdim.
Uchinchidan – hozirgi zamon ingliz tilidagi o`timsiz fe`llarni tashqi muhitga bo`lgan ta`sirini ko`rsatuvchi fe`llarni to laugh, to shake, to tremble, to enjoy, to cry kabi fe`llarni, fe`l birikmalari bilan ifodalanadigan o`timsiz fe`llarga ham to`xtalib o`tdim. To beyine, to move, begin, to do, to want, to go va shu kabi fe`llar kiradi. O`zbek tilida bunday fe`llarga afsus yemoq, abgor bo`lmoq, azob yemoq, ajrim bo`lmoq va shu kabi fe`l birikmalari kiradi.
Hozirgi zamon ingliz va o`zbek tillarida fe`llarning o`timli – o`timsizligiga aylanish darajasiga qarab, ularni birlamchi o`timli, birlamchi o`timsiz yoki ikkilamchi o`timli va ikkilamchi o`timsiz fe`llarga bo`ldik. Birlamchilik va ikkilamchilik mazkur fe`l negizida bo`lishi yoki bo`lmasligiga qarab aniqlanadi.
O`timsiz fe`llar gapning egasi bilan bevosita aloqador bo`ladi.
Yuqorida ko`rib o`tganimizdek o`timli – o`timsizlik ingliz tili fe`l sistemasida murakkab masala hisoblanadi. eng murakkab masala fe`llarning o`timli – o`timsizligi chegarasini aniqlashdir. Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida to`ldiruvchi o`timli – o`timsizlik va yo`naltirilgan, yo`naltirilmaganlik markerlari yo`qligi sababli o`timli va o`timsiz fe`llar orasiga aniq chegara qo`yish qiyin chunki bir fe`lning o`zi ham o`timli ham o`timsiz funksiyada qo`llanilishi mumkinligini ko`rib o`tdik.
Fe`lning o`timli, o`timsiz qo`llanilish haqida gapirganda darhaqiqat, fe`lning o`timli – o`timsiz funksiya bajarishi ko`zda tutiladi. Demak ingliz tilida o`timli – o`timsizlik o`rganilishi fe`llarning ot bilan birikish xususiyatini aniqlashdan iboratdir.
O`timsizlik – deganda ish – harakatning bajaruvchidan qabul qiluvchiga o`tmasligi tushuniladi. Ish – harakat faqat ish – harakatning bajaruvchisi atrofida sodir bo`lib ish – harakat yo`naltirilgan adresat bo`lmaydi.
Demak xulosa qilib quyidagilarni aytish mumkin
a) deyarli barcha o`timsiz fe`llardan o`timli fe`llar yasash mumkin
b) barcha o`timli fe`llar, ham o`timsiz fe`llarga aylanavermaydi.
Shunday qilib har ikkala til sistemasida o`timsizlk kategoriyasi mavjud bo`lib, u ifoda planining turli yaruslarida turlicha ifodalanadi. Ingliz tilida bu kategoriya leksik – semantic yaruslarda o`zbek tilida esa morfologik, leksik va sintaktik yaruslarda ifoda etiladi.
Ingliz tilidagi fe`llarning ko`pchiligi o`zlarining sintaktik distrubutsiyalariga qarab ayni bir vaqtda ham o`timli, ham o`timsiz fe`l sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin. ba`zi fe`llar asosan o`timli bo`lib o`timsizlik ularda yasama ikkinchi darajali ma`no kasb etadi. ayrimlari esa umuman o`timsiz bo`lib o`timlilik ularning ma`lum sintaktik distrubutsiyada ishlatilishi natijasida yasaladi.
Ko`rinib turibtiki, ingliz va o`zbek tillaridagi o`timsiz fe`l birikmalarini grammatik qatlamlarida o`rni nihoyatda keng va grammatikani o`rganishda juda katta ahamiyatga ega.
Hozirgi zamon ingliz va o`zbek tillaridagi o`timsiz fe`llarni amaliy mashg`ulotlarda darslik va o`quv qo`llanmalarda, amaliy mashg`ulotlarda foydalanish mumkin.
Mazkur Bitiruv malakaviy ishidagi ingliz tilidagi o`timsiz fe`llarni yanada chuqurroq o`rganish mumkin va bu mavzu yuzasidan ilmiy izlanishlar qilish mumkin
Xulosa o`rnida shuni aytishimiz mumkinki, Bitiruv malakaviy ishidagi materiallar, o`quv qo`llanma tuzishda, leksikografiya, qiyosiy grammatika darslarida foydalanishimiz mumkin.
Bitiruv malakaviy ishda “Hozirgi zamon ingliz va o`zbek tillaridagi o`timsiz fe`l birikmalari” mavzusi yuzasidan men kelajakda ilmiy ish olib borib, kelajak uchun foydali bo`lgan asarlar yaratish, lug`atlar tuzishni o`z oldimga maqsad qilib qo`ydim.