Passive Voice- majhul Nisbat

You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them

Tenses of the verbs. Fe’l zamonlari

1. The Present Indefinite Tense. Simple Present.

Oddiy hozirgi zamon.
Ish harakatini hozirgi zamonda odatda va doimo takrorlanib, yoki umuman sodir bo’lishini ifodalaydi. Bunga tabiat hodisalari ham kiradi. Grafik va reja bilan sodir bo’ladigan ish harakatlar ham “Simple Present” da beriladi. Hikoya , ertak , yangilik , sport musobaqalari, va va voqea hodisalarni ifodalaganda ham Simple Present dan foydalanish mumkin. 3- shahs birlikda fe’l ohiriga “s” “-es” qo’shiladi.

Darak shakli.

S+V1(s) +ATH

I work in the garden everyday. Men har kuni bog’da ishlayman.

He plays football everyday. U har kuni futbol o’ynaydi.
So’roq shakli.

Do/does+S+V1 +ATH?

Do you work in the garden everyday? Har kuni bog’da ishlaysanmi?
Does he play football everyday? U har kuni futbol o’ynaydimi ?

Inkor shakli.

S+do/does+not+V1 +ATH

I don’t watch TV everyday. Men har kuni televizor ko’rmayman.

He doesn’t read a book everyday. U har kuni kitob o’qimaydi.

Secrets. everyday-har kuni
everyweek-har hafta
everymonth-har oy
everyyear-har yil
every season-har mavsum
as a rule-qoidaga ko’ra
all the time – hamma vaqt
On Mondays-Dushanba
kunlari
Bular gap ohirida yoki boshida ishlatiladi.
Asosan gap ohirida.
The film begins at 5 tomorrow .
Film ertaga soat beshda boshlanadi.
usually-odatda
always-har doim
seldom- kamdan -kam
often-tez-tez
sometimes-ba’zan
frequently – tez- tez , dam - badam
occasionally - vaqti vaqti bilan
periodically – davomli
regularly - muntazam
Bular S va kesim o’rtasida yoki
bo’lmasa not dan keyin
ishlatiladi.

Agar fe’l ohiri “o ,s , ss , ch , sh ,x harflari bilan tugasa ularga “es “ qo’shiladi .

Watch – watches
Boshqa harflar bilan tugasa ularga faqat “s” qo’shiladi .
Play – plays
Lekin
“y” harfi bilan tugasa va undan oldin undosh kelsa “y” “i” aylanadi va “es”
qo’shiladi. Study – studies

2. The Past Indefinite Tense - Simple Past.
Oddiy o’tgan zamon.
Ish harakatini o’tgan zamonda odatda va doimo takrorlanib, sodir bo’lganligini ifodalaydi.Bunga asosan tarihiy voqea hodisalar kiradi.
Darak shakli.

S+V2 +ATH

He helped his father yesterday. U kecha otasiga yordam berdi.

They dug the garden last week. ­Ular o’tgan hafta bog’ni kavladilar.
So’roq shakli .

Did+S+V1 +ATH?

Did he help his father yesterday? U kecha otasiga yordam berdimi?

Did they dig the garden last week? O’tgan hafta ular bog’ni kavladilarmi?
Inkor shakli.

S+did not+V1 +ATH.

He did not help his father yesterday.U kecha otasiga yordam bermadi.

They did not dig the garden last week. Ular o’tgan hafta bog’ni kavlamadilar.

Secrets. yesterday-kecha

last week-o’tgan hafta
last month-o’tgan oy
last year-o’tgan yil
last night –o’tgan kecha
ago –oldin ,ilgari
just now –yaqinda
in 2000 – 2000 yida
during - mobaynida
on Monday-Dushanbada
the other day-o’sha kuni

Bular gap ohirida ishlatiladi.

We played tennis on Monday. Biz dushanbada tennis o’ynadik.
3. The Future Indefinite Tense. Simple Future
Oddiy kelasi zamon.
Ish harakatini kelasi zamonda odatda va doimo sodir bo’lishini ifodalaydi.

Darak shakli.

S+shall/will+V1 +ATH.

I shall fly to Tashkent tomorrow. Biz ertaga Toshkentga uchamiz.

He will translate the book next week. U kelasi hafta kitobni tarjima qiladi.
So’roq shakli.

Shall/will+S+V1 +ATH?

Shall we fly to Tashkent tomorrow? Biz ertaga Toshkentga uchamizmi?

Will he translate the book tomorrow? U ertaga kitobni tarjima qiladimi?

Inkor shakli.

S+Shall/will+not+V1 +ATH?

We shall not fly to Tashkent tomorrow. Biz ertaga Toshkentga uchmaymiz.

He will not translate the book next week. U kelasi hafta kitobni tarjima qilmaydi.

Secrets.
tomorrow-ertaga
next week-kelasi hafta
next month-kelasi oy
next year-kelasi yil
next lesson-kelasi dars
in a day-1 kundan keyin
in an hour-1 soatdan keyin
in future-kelajakda
On Monday-Dushanbada
Soon - tezda
Hope -umid qilmoq Promise – vada bermoq Expect – kutmoq, umid qilmoq
Think – o’ylamoq Bular S dan keyin keladi va bulardan keyin yana S keladi.
I think they will come tomorrow.

They will go to the party in 3 days. Ular uch kundan keyin kechaga borishadi.

4.The Present Continuous Tense.Hozirgi davomiy zamon.

Ish harakatini hozirgi zamonda ayni nutq paytida davom etayotganligini ,yoki bo’lmasa hozirgi zamonda uzoq vaqt davom etadigan ish harakatni ifodalaydi. Hikoya , ertak , yangilik , sport musobaqalari, va voqea hodisalarni ifodalaganda ham Present Cont dan foydalanish mumkin. Bunda jonli efir paytida sodir bo’layotgan ish harakat haqida ma’lumot beradi.O’zbek tiliga “-yapti “ deb tarjima qilinadi.(Ba’zan davomiy ravishda sodir bo’ladigan ishdan shikoyat qilganda ham Present Coninuous foydalanamiz . Bunda u ko’pincha davomiylikni ifodalaydigan “always , usually, constantly , regularly …“ ravishlari bilan ishlatiladi.)

Tim is never satisfied . He is always complaining .
Timni hech qachon ko’ngli tol’maydi . U har doim shikoyat qilavaradi.
Darak shakli.

S+am/is/are+V1 +ing+ATH.

I am driving a car now. Men hozir mashina haydayapman.

They are singing a song. Ular qo’shiq kuylayaptilar.
He is writing a new play . U yangi pyesa yozayapti .
So’roq shakli.

Am/is/are+S+V1 +ing+ATH?

Am I driving a car now? Men hozir mashina haydayapmanmi?

Are they singing a song? Ular qo’shiq kuylayaptilarmi?
Is he writing a new play ? U yangi pyesa yozayaptimi ?
Inkor shakli

S+am/is/are+not+V1 +ing+ATH.

I am not driving a car now. Men hozir mashina haydamayapman.

They are not singing a song. Ular qo’shiq kuylamayaptilar.
Secrets.
now –hozir
at the moment-hozirgi paytda bular gap ohirida ishlatiladi.
at present-hozirda

Look! –qara!

Listen!- quloq sol! Bular gap boshida ishlatiladi.
Shsh!-jim bo’l!
Hurry up!-shoshil !
Be quick!-tez bo’l
Buyruq va undov gaplar ham Present Continuousda ishlatiladi.

Still-hanuzgacha am/is/are dan keyin ishlatiladi.

5.The Past Continuous Tense.O’tgan davomiy zamon.

Ish harakatini o’tgan zamonda aniq paytda davom etganligini ifodalaydi.Vaqti aniq ko’rsatiladi.Ikki qismdan iborat bo’lishi mumkin ,ikkinchi qismi Simple Pastda beriladi.O’zbek tiliga “-yotgan edi “ deb tarjima qilinadi.

Darak shakli.

S+was/were+V1 +ing+ATH.

I was repairing car at 2 yesterday.Kecha soat 2 da mashinani tuzatayotgandim.

They were singing a song at 3 yesterday.Ular kecha soat 3 da qo’shiq kuy.edilar.
So’roq shakli.

Was/were+S+V1 +ing+ATH?