Stylistic semasiology


Metonymic group. Metonymy proper



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Metonymic group. Metonymy proper. Metonymy is applying the name of an object to another object in some way connected with the first.
The metonymic connections between the two objects are mani­fold:

  1. source of action instead of the action: «Give every man thine ear and few thy voice»;

  2. effect instead of the cause: «Не (fish) desperately takes the death»;

  3. characteristic feature instead of the object itself: «Не was followed by a pair of heavy boots»;

  4. symbol instead of the object symbolized: «crown» for «king».

Metonymy. It is a word which runs in 2 logical meanings like metaphor but the relation between the two meanings is some kind of association connecting the 2 concepts which the meanings represent or actual relations existing between the two objects:
e.g. to drink a glass, to eat a plate, the.Hall applauded.
In metonymy a thing or idea is described by some accompaniment (its action or function).
The thing is not named, instead of this the name of some other thing or idea closely connected with it is used. Many attempts have been made to point out the types of relation which metonymy is based on:
1) a symbol (a concrete thing is used instead of an abstract notion):
e.g. He was called to the bar (Он стал юристом);
from the cradle to the grave.
2) the container for what it contains:
e.g. The kettle is boiling. You may have my purse;
3) the relations of proximity:
e.g. The game-table was boisterous and noisy;
4) The material instead of the thing made of it:
e.g. And finally the marble spoke;
The maid was cleaning silver (i.e. spoons, knives and forks);
5) An instrument instead of the agent:
e.g. His pen knows no compromises;
The whip (coachman) looked a scoundrel;
6) A part is used for the whole:
e.g. A fleet of 50 sails. Hands (workers) wanted;
7) Singular instead of the plural:
e.g. And be comrade with the wolf and the owl;
The camp, the pulpit and the law
For rich men's sons are free.
To, what type of metonimical relations does the above given example refer?

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