Tense Signal words Use Form Examples affirmative Examples negative Examples interrogative
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Tense Signal words Use Form Examples affirmative Examples negative Examples interrogative Simple
Present every day sometimes always often usually seldom never first ... then Something that happens repeatedly how often something happens one action follows another things in general with the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.) future meaning: timetables, programmes Infinitive he/she/it + -s I
. He
s . I go . He go es . I don't work . He doesn't work . I don't go . He doesn't go .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Present Progressive now at the moment Look! Listen! something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date) to be (am/are/is) +
+
I'm
work ing . He's work ing . I'm go ing . He's go ing . I'm not work ing . He isn't work ing . I'm not go ing . He isn't go ing .
I
k
?
he
ing ?
I
?
he
? Simple Past last ... ... ago in 1990 yesterday action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present) regular:
Infinitive +
irregular:
I
ed . He work ed . I went . He went . I didn't work . He didn't work . I didn't go . He didn't go .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
?
Past Progressive while an action happened in the middle of another action. Someone was doing something at a certain time (in the past) - you don't know whether it was finished or not
+
+
I
work ing . He was work ing . I was go ing . He was go ing . I wasn't work ing . He wasn't work ing . I wasn't go ing . He wasn't go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Simple Present Perfect
just yet never ever already so far, up to now, since for recently you say that sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present action started in the past and continues up to the present have/has +
participle * *(
+ -ed
) or (
of irregular verbs ) I have work ed . He has work ed . I have gone . He has gone . I haven't work ed . He hasn’t work ed . I haven't gone . He hasn’t gone .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Present Perfect Progressive all day the whole day how long since for action began in the past and has just stopped how long the action has been happening
+
+
+
I
. He has been work ing . I have been go ing . He has been go ing . I haven't been work ing . He hasn't been work ing . I haven't been go ing . He hasn't been go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
?
Simple Past Perfect
already just never mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had already happened is put into past perfect, the other action into simple past the past of the Present Perfect
+
participle * *(
+ -ed
) or (
of irregular verbs ) I had work ed . He had work ed . I had gone . He had gone . I hadn't work ed . He hadn't work ed . I hadn't gone . He hadn't gone .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Past Perfect Progressive how long since for how long something had been happening before something else happened
had +
+
+
I
. He had been work ing . I had been go ing . He had been go ing . I hadn't been work ing . He hadn't been work ing . I hadn't been go ing . He hadn't been go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? will - future predictions about the future (you think that sth will happen) you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven't made a main clause in type I of the if clauses will +
I
. He 'll work . I 'll go . He 'll go . I won't work . He won't work . I won't go . He won't go .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? going to - future when you have already decided to do sth. in the future what you think what will happen
+
+
I
work . He 's going to work . I 'm going to go . He 's going to go . I 'm not going to work . He 's not going to work . I 'm not going to go . He 's not going to go .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
?
Future Progressive An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time.
Something happens because it normally happens. will +
+
+
I
. He 'll be work ing . I 'll be go ing . He 'll be go ing . I won't be work ing . He won't be work ing . I won't be go ing . He won't be go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Future Perfect Simple sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future
+
+
*(
+ -ed
) or (
of irregular verbs ) I 'll have work ed . He 'll have work ed . I 'll have gone . He 'll have gone . I won't have work ed . He won't have w
ed . I won't have gone . He won't have gone .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Future Perfect Progressive sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future emphasis: length of time of an action will +
+
+
+
I
work ing . He 'll have been work ing . I 'll have been go ing . He 'll have been go ing . I won't have been work ing . He won't have been work ing . I won't have been go ing . He won't have been go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Conditional Simple sth. that might happen main clause in type II of the if clauses
would +
I
. He would work . I would go . He would go . I wouldn't work . He wouldn't work . I wouldn't go . He wouldn't go .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
?
Conditional Progressive sth. that might happen
+
+
+
I
. He would be work ing . I would be go ing . He would be go ing . I wouldn't be work ing . He wouldn't be work ing . I wouldn't be go ing . He wouldn't be go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Conditional Perfect sth. that might have happened in the past (It's too late now.) main clause in type III of the if clauses
would +
+
*(
+ -ed
) or (
of irregular verbs ) I would have work ed . He would have work ed . I would have gone . He would have gone . I wouldn't have work ed . He wouldn't have work ed . I wouldn't have gone . He wouldn't have gone .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
? Conditional Perfect Progressive sth. that might have happened in the past
(It's too late now.) emphasis: length of time of an action would +
+
+
+
I
work ing . He would have been go ing . I would have been go ing . He would have been go ing . I wouldn't have been work ing . He wouldn't have been go ing . I wouldn't have been go ing . He wouldn't have been go ing .
I
?
he
?
I
?
he
?
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