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Termiz and his significance in Central Asia
history
The following yearsTermez was nearly destroyedduring the intestine wars. Only Pattakesar and Salihabad villageswere not destroyed. In
1894 the Russians built a fortress in Pattakesar village, which was 8 kilometer away from ruins of old Termez.The native population named it
“Tuproqqurgon”. Present day Termez is situated on the mentioned Tuproqqurgon fortress. In the years of independence 2500 year old Termez became
newly-born, renewed, and splendid. It changed into attractive and flourishing land. We are very proud of our great past and present day. The cities and
towns we built make us famous around the world, don't they? Owing to our president's great attentionto our brave frank people, the city has developed
and become prosperous and charming.Thanks to our president's objective estimation ofthe city's rich history and its significant role in the world
development, the national values were regained; city architecture is reformed; reconstruction, industry development, and business are taken place in
city life. It is worth to mention that commercial and business activities have been formed as a result of attention to the city. Joint enterprises have been
established. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic passed decrees on “The celebration of 1000 year anniversary of “Alpomish” epos” and
“Preparation and observation of the 2500 year anniversary of Termez city”, which are worth to mention. Termez Archeological Museum, which is
considered the one of the type in Central Asia, have become unique school and striking class for nativesand world historians, as well.“It turned to be
precious encyclopedia, which can equal with the levels of Louvre of the Paris and Hermitage of Saints Petersburg.”assumed Kyudzo Kato, a Professor
from Japan. Visiting the museum no doubts about the greatness of Uzbek history are left in people's mind.
Today Termez is shining and flourishing city. It is land of sincere wishes and successful duties. In the
last years more than 100 historical architectural places have been registered. One of the 96 sheikhs in Islam
world, the founder of “Hakimiya” tariqat(the way) and encyclopedic scholar Al-Hakim At-Termizi's and about
40 Termizi scholars' lives and works have been learned. Their graves have become the pilgrimage and visiting
places. Great scholar Al-Hakim At-Termizi is regarded as one of the worldly famous countrymen. In the
sources
such
as
“Kashful-mahjub”, “Tazkuratul-avliyo”, “Kitob at-taaruf”, “Risolayiqushayriya”,
“TabaqotiSullamiy”, “TabaqotiSabkiy”, “Nafahotuluns”, “Nasoyimul-muhabbat” his full name is Abu-
Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali Hasanibn Bashr al-Hakim at-Termiziy. Fayaz-tepa was an advanced post of
Buddhism Fayaz tepa bears withess to a key period of the region’s history, during which the encounter of
Buddhist and Greek cultures took place.
The excavations which the Archeological Expedition discovered comprised a large rectangular monastery faced
by a stupa, located on the north-eastern part of the site.The complex has three main units: the southern unit (A)
containing accommodation for pilgrims including dining rooms and kitchens; the main monastery (B) situated in
the centre; and the northern unit (C), probably used for lectures and ceremonies. The central part (B) is built
around a courtyard (30x20), surrounded by a colonnade and a series of rooms. Units A and C also featered a
number of internal courtyards and colonnades. The overall building was laid on a gravel layer, avoiding
humidity in the Pakhsa (hand-shaped mud) walls, which were about 1.4 m thick and up to 4.5 m high. Roofs
featured barrel vaults made of sun-dried mud bricks (adobe) over the enclosed spaces, and flat roofs supported
by wooden beams over the colonnades. Fayaz tepa was built during the reign of the Kushan Kings (ist to 3rd
centuries CE). One of the characteristics of this site is the quality and the good state of conversation of the
remains unearthed, the variety and richness of the artifacts and wall paintings discovered, which represent an
exceptional testimony of Kushan period art, with clear influences from both Buddhist and Greek cultures.
The cult complex of Koratepa is one of the world’s oldest surviving Buddhist cave monasteries To the northwest of
Termez.., on the left bank of Amu Darya river, there is a three-head hill. The local people call it Koratepa, which
means “Black Hill”. From its southern, the highest point one can clearly observe the citadel, surrounded by walls,
and the ruins of the ancient town. The first archeological excavations took place at Koratepa in 1936. They proved
that centuries-old loess cultural layers hide a temple complex witch cave monastery, founded by Buddhist monks at
the of the 1st century. In the underground chambers archeologists found fragments of statues of Buddha and
Bodhisattvas, statuettes of dragons and of a winged lion, as well as wall paintings with one of the world’s oldest
images of Buddha surrounded by monks. On the same walls there are portraits of donators, who were rich enough to
order the construction of the temple. In the cells there were found ceramic lamps, reliquary boxes, coins of the times
of Kanishka I and the Sassanid rulers. Koratepa complex also had a vihara (‘dwelling’ in Sanskrit) - a dormitory,
where pilgrims could take shelter. The walls of this dormitory bear the surviving graffiti picture of a Buddhist stupa.
The Chinese monk Xuan Zang, who made a pilgrimage to India early in 7th century in search of holy Buddhist
books, mentioned his visit to shrines of Koratepa in his famous travelogue “Records of the Western World”. Over
the last ten years Uzbek and Japanese experts have done joint archeological research at Koratepa.
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