12-mavzu. Ishlab chiqarish omillari bozori

Ish haqi o`sishining dam olish vaqti bilan ishlash vaqti o`rtasidagi nisbatga ta`siri. Odatda ish haqi oshganda, ko`pchilik ko`proq ishlab, ko`proq daromad olishga harakat qiladi. Lekin, ish vaqti oshgan sari bo`sh vaqtning ham qimmati oshib boradi. Inson ma`naviy o`sishga ham intiladi. Demak, ish vaqtining o`sishi o`z chegarasiga ega. Nima uchun deganda, insonlar, ishlab topgan daromadini ko`proq zavq olish uchun, dam olishga sarflaydilar.
“Given that trapezoid D can be quite large, a price minimum can even result in a net loss of surplus to producers alone! And although producers may cut output, they will probably not cut back to Q3. Each producer sees the high price, and hopes he can sell all its output at that price, leaving competitors with the unsold inventories. As a result, this form of government intervention can cause producers' profits to fall because of the cost of excess production. Another example of a government-imposed price minimum is the minimum wage law. This is illustrated in Figure 9.10, where the supply curve corresponds to the supply of labor, and the demand curve is the demand for labor. The wage is set at wmjn, a level higher than the wage w0 that would prevail in an unregulated labor market. As a result, those workers who can find jobs obtain a higher wage. However, some people who want to work will be unable to. The policy results in unemployment, which in the figure is L2- L ,.”⁹.

Ish vaqti ma`lum vaqtgacha o`sgandan keyingi ish haqining o`sishi, ish vaqtini qisqarishiga olib keladi. Ish haqi oshganda o`rnini bosish samarasi hamda daromad samarasi mavjud bo`ladi. O`rnini bosish samarasida yuqoriroq ish haqi, ishchining real daromadini oshiradi. Ishchi ko`p daromad olganda, u ko`proq ne`matlarni sotib oladi, ushbu ne`matlardan biri, yaxshi dam olishdir.

Agar ishchi dam olishga ko`proq mablag` sarflasa, daromad samarasi (daromadning oshishi), uni kamroq ishlashga undaydi. Daromad samarasi juda ham katta bo`lganda, ishchi ish vaqtini qisqartiradi va mehnat taklifi chizig`i pastga yotiq bo`ladi.
Odatda, rivojlangan mamlakatlarda aholining o`rtacha daromadi, rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlardagi aholining o`rtacha daromadidan ancha yuqori bo`lgani uchun, ular ko`proq dam olishga harakat qiladi (Daromad samarasi, o`rnini bosish samarasidan yuqori). Rivojlanayotgan davlatlarda ish haqi past bo`lgani uchun, ish haqining o`sishi, ishchilarni ko`proq vaqt ishlab, ko`proq daromad qilishga undaydi (o`rnini bosish samarasi, daromad samarasidan yuqori bo`ladi).