Children infectious diseases

434. 
     What is the main investigation for laboratory confirmation of Meningococcal infection?
     
     1. 
        *Selection of agent from nasopharynx, blood, CSF
        
     2. 
        Biochemical analysis of CSF
        
     3. 
        Immunological tests
        
     4. 
        Express methods
        
     5. 
        Latex agglutination of blood
        

435. 
     What is the main investigation for laboratory confirmation of Meningococcal meningitis?
     
     1. 
        *CSF culture
        
     2. 
        Biochemical research of CSF
        
     3. 
        Latex agglutination of blood
        
     4. 
        immune-fluorescent method
        
     5. 
        indirect hemagglutination reaction
        

436. 
     What is the most characteristic sign of brain edema?
     
     1. 
        *Violation of consciousness.
        
     2. 
        Hyperthermia.
        
     3. 
        Oliguria.
        
     4. 
        Increased blood pressure.
        
     5. 
        Bulging fontanel.
        

437. 
     What is the most characteristic sign of brain edema?
     
     1. 
        *Convulsions.
        
     2. 
        Hypothermia.
        
     3. 
        Oliguria.
        
     4. 
        Venous stasis.
        
     5. 
        Bulging fontanel.
        

438. 
     What is the most typical version of the primary rash in meningococcemia?
     
     1. 
        *Papulous.
        
     2. 
        Erythematous
        
     3. 
        Excoriated.
        
     4. 
        Roseolous.
        
     5. 
        Vesiculous.
        

439. 
     What is the most typical version of the rash in meningococcemia?
     
     1. 
        *Haemorrhagic.
        
     2. 
        Excoriated.
        
     3. 
        Roseolous.
        
     4. 
        Vesicular.
        
     5. 
        Pustular.
        

440. 
     What is the most typical version of the rash in meningococcemia, typical form?
     
     1. 
        *Petechial.
        
     2. 
        Erythematous.
        
     3. 
        Bullous.
        
     4. 
        Vesiculous.
        
     5. 
        Pustulous.
        

441. 
     What is the specific prophylaxis of enteroviral infection?
     
     1. 
        *A specific prophylaxis is absent
        
     2. 
        Vaccination by inactivated cultures in age of 1 year.
        
     3. 
        Vaccination by inactivated cultures in age of 3 and 9 years.
        
     4. 
        Introduction of specific Ig is conducted in age of 3 months.
        
     5. 
        Introduction of specific Ig is conducted in age 15 months.
        

442. 
     What is the way of poliomyelitis virus distribution in the organism of child?
     
     1. 
        *hematogenous
        
     2. 
        transplacental
        
     3. 
        transcutaneal
        
     4. 
        descending
        
     5. 
        ascending
        

443. 
     What muscles more frequent are damaged at poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *Muscles of lower extremities
        
     2. 
        Muscles of upper extremities
        
     3. 
        Muscles of neck
        
     4. 
        Muscles of face
        
     5. 
        Muscles of thorax and abdomen
        

444. 
     What parts of the nervous system are the most damaged at poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *Spinal cord
        
     2. 
        Trunk of cerebrum
        
     3. 
        Trigeminal nerve
        
     4. 
        Facial nerve
        
     5. 
        Kernels of cranial nerves
        

445. 
     What medicines are given to children in the focus of enteroviral infection?
     
     1. 
        *Gamma-globulin and interferon for 14-15 days
        
     2. 
        Anaferon for 10 days
        
     3. 
        Antibiotics for 5 days
        
     4. 
        Specific Ig for 3 days
        
     5. 
        Specific antitoxin is injected for the first 2 days
        

446. 
     What sign is not characteristic for tubercular meningitis?
     
     1. 
        *Acute beginning
        
     2. 
        Presence of prodromal period
        
     3. 
        Fever
        
     4. 
        Head ache
        
     5. 
        Meningeal symptoms
        

447. 
     What system is the most sensible to the polio-virus?
     
     1. 
        *Nervous system
        
     2. 
        Cardio-vascular system
        
     3. 
        Lymphatic system
        
     4. 
        Bone-muscular system
        
     5. 
        System of blood
        

448. 
     What tissues are the most sensible to action of Meningococcal endotoxin?
     
     1. 
        *endothelium of blood vessels
        
     2. 
        heart
        
     3. 
        suprarenal glands
        
     4. 
        brain
        
     5. 
        cerebellum
        

449. 
     What type of immunity is formed after poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *stable immunity
        
     2. 
        unsteady immunity
        
     3. 
        typospecific immunity
        
     4. 
        family specific immunity
        
     5. 
        absent immunity
        

450. 
     What typical features of muscles damage by the virus of poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *Atony, arephlexia, «mosaic» of damaged muscles, atrophy, shakiness of joints
        
     2. 
        Hypotonia, hyporephlexia, atrophy, tetraparesis, osteoporosis
        
     3. 
        Hypertonia, and hyperrephlexia, «mosaic» of damaged muscles, osteoporosis
        
     4. 
        Hypertonia, and hyperrephlexia, joints' ankylosis
        
     5. 
        Atony, arephlexia, hemiparesis, deformation of spine
        

451. 
     What vaccination is done for the prophylaxis of poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *Specific active prophylaxis by the living loosened vaccine
        
     2. 
        Specific active prophylaxis by antitoxin
        
     3. 
        Unspecific active prophylaxis
        
     4. 
        By specific Ig
        
     5. 
        By gamma globulin
        

452. 
     When vaccination against poliomyelitis is performed?
     
     1. 
        *From 3 months triply with an interval 1 month
        
     2. 
        From 3 months triply with an interval 1 week
        
     3. 
        In 1 year, 3 and 6 years
        
     4. 
        Only by an epidemic testimony
        
     5. 
        It is not conducted
        

453. 
     Which prevention is crucial in the eradication of polio?
     
     1. 
        *Routine vaccination not less than 96 percent of inhabitants
        
     2. 
        Observation of contact at the source of infection for three weeks
        
     3. 
        The current and final disinfection in the focus
        
     4. 
        Emergency vaccination of those who were not vaccinated before
        
     5. 
        Emergency introduction of the donor immunoglobulin to all contacts
        

454. 
     Which statement about the rash in enterovirus infection is wrong?
     
     1. 
        *Leaves pigmentation and scaling
        
     2. 
        Pink, small maculous-papulous and pin-point
        
     3. 
        A skin background is not changed
        
     4. 
        Appears simultaneously on the face and trunk
        
     5. 
        It is saved for a few days
        

455. 
     Which of the following drugs should be used on prehospital stage of meningococcemia treatment?
     
     1. 
        *Chloramphenicol succinate.
        
     2. 
        Cephalosporin Antibiotics.
        
     3. 
        Diphenhydramine.
        
     4. 
        Dicarboxylic.
        
     5. 
        Penicillin.
        

456. 
     Which of the following drugs should be used on prehospital stage of meningococcemia treatment?
     
     1. 
        *Prednisolone.
        
     2. 
        Diphenhydramine.
        
     3. 
        Dicarboxylic.
        
     4. 
        Penicillin.
        
     5. 
        Verospiron
        

457. 
     Which of the following is not characteristic for enteroviral meningitis?
     
     1. 
        It starts badly with a severe headache, vomiting, hyperthermia
        
     2. 
        Meningitis symptoms usually persist up to 5 days
        
     3. 
        *In the cerebrospinal fluid: cytosis is mixed as lymphocytic, neutrophilic character; sugar and protein is not elevated
        
     4. 
        Sanation of CSF occurs at 3-4th week of illness
        
     5. 
        Often, meningeal syndrome is weak or incomplete
        

458. 
     Which symptom is not typical for neurotoxicosis?
     
     1. 
        *Sunken fontanel.
        
     2. 
        Convulsions.
        
     3. 
        Violation of consciousness.
        
     4. 
        Hyperthermia.
        
     5. 
        Acrocyanosis.
        

459. 
     Which symptom is not typical for neurotoxicosis?
     
     1. 
        *Sunken fontanel.
        
     2. 
        Hyperthermia.
        
     3. 
        Acrocyanosis.
        
     4. 
        Oliguria.
        
     5. 
        Hyperpnoe.
        

460. 
     Which viral infections are characterized by meningeal syndrome?
     
     1. 
        *Poliomyelitis.
        
     2. 
        Parainfluenza.
        
     3. 
        Adenovirus infection.
        
     4. 
        Rhinovirus infection.
        
     5. 
        Respiratory syncitial infection
        

461. 
     Which viral infections are characterized by meningeal syndrome?
     
     1. 
        *Herpesvius infection.
        
     2. 
        Respiratory syncitial infection
        
     3. 
        Adenovirus infection.
        
     4. 
        Rotavirus infection
        
     5. 
        Reovirus infection
        

462. 
     Who is the source of infection at poliomyelitis?
     
     1. 
        *Patients with poliomyelitis and virus carriers
        
     2. 
        Only patients with poliomyelitis
        
     3. 
        Patients with poliomyelitis and virus carriers
        
     4. 
        Polio people and animals
        
     5. 
        Patients with poliomyelitis and reconvalescents
        

463. 
     Choose the most likely indicators of CSF in case of Polio.
     
     1. 
        *Transparent, cell count is 100 cells, 80% lymphocytes, protein is 0.45 g/l
        
     2. 
        Turbid, milky, cell count is 1200, 92% neutrophils, protein is 1.2 g/l
        
     3. 
        Transparent, yellowish, cell count 200, lymphocytes 72%, glucose 1.2 mmol/l
        
     4. 
        Red, cell count is 150 (erythrocytes)
        
     5. 
        Transparent, cell count is 5, 100% lymphocytes, protein 0.045 g/l
        

464. 
     Choose the most likely indicators of CSF in case of Enterovirus infection.
     
     1. 
        *mild lymphocytic pleocytosis, protein-cell dissociation
        
     2. 
        changes are not characteristic (indicators are standard)
        
     3. 
        marked lymphocytic pleocytosis, cell-protein dissociation
        
     4. 
        the neutrophilic pleocytosis, cell-protein dissociation
        
     5. 
        moderate neutrophilic pleocytosis, protein and cell dissociation
        

465. 
     Which study will confirm Enterovirus infection in its’ early stage?
     
     1. 
        *the virusological swab from the pharynx by ELISA
        
     2. 
        serological method of paired sera
        
     3. 
        bacteriological smear from the oropharynx
        
     4. 
        detection of specific antibodies (Ig G) for enterovirus
        
     5. 
        blood smear (thick film)
        

466. 
     For the specific prophylaxis of influenza is used:
     
     1. 
        antitoxin
        
     2. 
        *living or killed vaccines
        
     3. 
        associated vaccines
        
     4. 
        anti-influenza serum
        
     5. 
        interferon
        

467. 
     A typical inspection sign in a patient with lobar pneumonia is:
     
     1. 
        *color, usually on the side of lesion
        
     2. 
        jaundiced skin
        
     3. 
        butterfly rash
        
     4. 
        gray color
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

468. 
     A typical percussion sign of acute bronchitis is:
     
     1. 
        *clear lung sound, often with bandbox
        
     2. 
        clear lung sound
        
     3. 
        shortening of pulmonary sound in the lower parts of the lungs
        
     4. 
        shortening of the lung sound all over the lungs
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

469. 
     Acute stenotic laryngotracheobronchitis of the 1st degree - is:
     
     1. 
        *compensated croup
        
     2. 
        subcompensated croup
        
     3. 
        decompensated croup
        
     4. 
        asphyxia
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

470. 
     What antigens do the flu viruses have?
     
     1. 
        Н- and О-antigens
        
     2. 
        only О antigen
        
     3. 
        S antigen
        
     4. 
        Vi antigen
        
     5. 
        *S- and Vi- antigens
        

471. 
     What reaction is it better to use for establishment of influenza virus' type?
     
     1. 
        hemagglutination braking reaction
        
     2. 
        hemadsorption braking reaction
        
     3. 
        immunofluorescense reaction
        
     4. 
        *complement binding reaction
        
     5. 
        neutralization reaction on the culture of cells
        

472. 
     Among the viruses that cause croup, the first place has:
     
     1. 
        *Parainfluenza virus
        
     2. 
        Adenovirus
        
     3. 
        Influenza virus
        
     4. 
        RS- virus
        
     5. 
        Everything is wrong
        

473. 
     An influenza is passed by such way:
     
     1. 
        air-dust.
        
     2. 
        *air-droplet.
        
     3. 
        contact.
        
     4. 
        through a crockery.
        
     5. 
        through the articles of common use.
        

474. 
     What catarrhal sign is the most probable in respiratory-syncitial infection?
     
     1. 
        rhinitis.
        
     2. 
        pharyngitis.
        
     3. 
        laryngitis.
        
     4. 
        bronchitis.
        
     5. 
        *bronchiolitis.
        

475. 
     What environments can be used for the selection of adenovirus?
     
     1. 
        Blood, spinal fluid, urine.
        
     2. 
        Blood, urine, feces.
        
     3. 
        *Nasopharyngeal smears, feces, urine.
        
     4. 
        Saliva, urine, spinal fluid.
        
     5. 
        Blood, nasopharyngeal smears, feces.
        

476. 
     Through what time the repeated case of parainfluenza is possible in one child?
     
     1. 
        In a year.
        
     2. 
        *In few months.
        
     3. 
        In few weeks.
        
     4. 
        In few days.
        
     5. 
        The repeated disease is impossible.
        

477. 
     What investigation is used for express diagnosis of parainfluenza.
     
     1. 
        complement binding reaction
        
     2. 
        Passive hemagglutination reaction
        
     3. 
        neutralization reaction
        
     4. 
        *Immune-enzyme analysis
        
     5. 
        Polymerase chain reaction
        

478. 
     Interferon is the important factor of protection against viral infections. How does it act?
     
     1. 
        It is present in the serum of healthy person, acting part of supervision after viruses
        
     2. 
        It covers viral particles and blocks their attachment to the cells
        
     3. 
        It protects the infected cells, which produce it, from death
        
     4. 
        It lyses infected cells
        
     5. 
        *It induces the synthesis of one or a few cellular proteins which depress the translation or transcription of virus
        

479. 
     At RS-infection the maximal pathological changes are localized in:
     
     1. 
        Nasopharynx
        
     2. 
        Pharynx.
        
     3. 
        Larynx.
        
     4. 
        Trachea.
        
     5. 
        *Small and middle bronchi.
        

480. 
     The source of adenoviral infection is:
     
     1. 
        Patients with the typical and atypical forms of adenoviral infection.
        
     2. 
        People and birds with adenoviral infection.
        
     3. 
        *Patients with adenoviral infection and transmitters of adenovirus.
        
     4. 
        People and small mammals with adenoviral infection.
        
     5. 
        People and animals with adenoviral infection.
        

481. 
     Blood oxygen saturation more than 90% is typical for:
     
     1. 
        *Respiratory insufficiency 1 degree.
        
     2. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 0 degree.
        
     3. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 2 degree.
        
     4. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 3 degree.
        
     5. 
        everything is wrong
        

482. 
     Bradipnoe is characteristic for:
     
     1. 
        *Respiratory insufficiency 3 degree.
        
     2. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 1 degree.
        
     3. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 2 degree.
        
     4. 
        Respiratory insufficiency 0 degree.
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

483. 
     Clinical analysis of blood in patients with acute bronchitis are:
     
     1. 
        *leukopenia, lymphocytosis
        
     2. 
        significant leukopenia
        
     3. 
        moderate leucocytosis, anemia
        
     4. 
        significant leucocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
        
     5. 
        everything is wrong
        

484. 
     Duration of acute pneumonia is:
     
     1. 
        *to 8 - weeks
        
     2. 
        to 6 - weeks
        
     3. 
        to 10 - weeks
        
     4. 
        to 12 - weeks
        
     5. 
        up to 3 months
        

485. 
     Enumerate diseases, what are necessary to differentiate with flu first of all:
     
     1. 
        escherichiosis;
        
     2. 
        chicken-pox;
        
     3. 
        *meningococcal infection;
        
     4. 
        rhinoviral infection;
        
     5. 
        rotaviral infection.
        

486. 
     What is the source of infection at parainfluenza?
     
     1. 
        *Patient with parainfluenza.
        
     2. 
        Patient with parainfluenza and carrier.
        
     3. 
        People and animals sick with parainfluenza.
        
     4. 
        Sick animals and birds.
        
     5. 
        Sick people and birds.
        

487. 
     Etiotropic therapy of viral infection in the acute bronchitis is more effective when it is given:
     
     1. 
        *in the first 2 days of illness
        
     2. 
        no effective
        
     3. 
        for 5-7 days
        
     4. 
        throughout the disease
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

488. 
     For the specific prophylaxis of influenza is used:
     
     1. 
        remantadin.
        
     2. 
        antibiotics.
        
     3. 
        chemotherapy.
        
     4. 
        *vaccines.
        
     5. 
        influenza immuneglobulin.
        

489. 
     How long does immunity to the influenza A Н1N1 last? 
     
     1. 
        14 - 21 day
        
     2. 
        1 - 2 months
        
     3. 
        *1 - 2 years
        
     4. 
        3 - 5 years
        
     5. 
        during all the life
        

490. 
     How long does immunity to the influenza С last?
     
     1. 
        *during all the life
        
     2. 
        3 - 5 years
        
     3. 
        1 - 2 years
        
     4. 
        2 - 4 weeks
        
     5. 
        10 - 21 day
        

491. 
     How long will last the immunity to the influenza B virus?
     
     1. 
        14 - 21 day
        
     2. 
        1 - 2 months
        
     3. 
        1 - 2 years
        
     4. 
        *3 - 5 years
        
     5. 
        during all the life
        

492. 
     How many times must the titre of antibodies with paired sera grow, to prove the previous result?
     
     1. 
        2 times
        
     2. 
        2.5 times
        
     3. 
        3 times
        
     4. 
        3.5 times
        
     5. 
        *4 times and more
        

493. 
     What serological method could be used for influenza diagnostic?
     
     1. 
        *Braked hemagglutination reaction
        
     2. 
        Binding complement reaction
        
     3. 
        Indirect hemagglutination reaction
        
     4. 
        Neutralization reaction
        
     5. 
        Direct hemagglutination reaction
        

494. 
     The type of influenza virus could be determined by:
     
     1. 
        agglutination reaction
        
     2. 
        indirect hemagglutination reaction
        
     3. 
        precipitation reaction
        
     4. 
        *complement binding reaction
        
     5. 
        hemagglutination reaction
        

495. 
     In acute obstructive bronchitis, auscultation reveals:
     
     1. 
        *dry rales, medium bubbling rales on inspiration, expiration is lengthened
        
     2. 
        weakened breathing
        
     3. 
        prolonged expiration
        
     4. 
        small bubbling rales diffusely
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

496. 
     In the treatment of acute bronchitis postural drainage is better to use:
     
     1. 
        *after awakening
        
     2. 
        after breakfast
        
     3. 
        in the afternoon
        
     4. 
        at bedtime
        
     5. 
        everything is wrong
        

497. 
     In what age group bronchitis is more frequent?
     
     1. 
        *preschoolers
        
     2. 
        infants
        
     3. 
        newborns
        
     4. 
        toddlers
        
     5. 
        everything is correct
        

498. 
     What medicine has etiological action on the flu virus:
     
     1. 
        cocarboxylasa;
        
     2. 
        interferon;
        
     3. 
        ascorutin;
        
     4. 
        *rhemantadin;
        
     5. 
        DNA-asum.
        

499. 
     Indicate the criteria of the compensated croup:
     
     1. 
        *dyspnea occurs at the physical exertion
        
     2. 
        aphonia;
        
     3. 
        subnormal body temperature;
        
     4. 
        stable tachycardia, arrhythmia;
        
     5. 
        perioral cyanosis.
        

500. 
     Indicate the criteria of the subcompensated croup:
     
     1. 
        dyspnea at the physical exertion;
        
     2. 
        *tachycardia, fall of pulse wave on inspiration;
        
     3. 
        absence of intercostal spaces frictions;
        
     4. 
        skin pallor;
        
     5. 
        high body temperature
        

501. 
     Indicate the main clinical features of flu in infants:
     
     1. 
        subfebrile body temperature
        
     2. 
        croup syndrome;
        
     3. 
        *hyperthermia;
        
     4. 
        heart damage;
        
     5. 
        expressed catarrhal signs.
        

502. 
     A community-acquired pneumonia in children from 6 months to 6 years is mostly caused by:
     
     1. 
        *Pneumococcus
        
     2. 
        Mycoplasma
        
     3. 
        Chlamydia