Xavf ozod darajasiga ko'ra

Tools to Control Financial Risk

Moliyaviy riskni nazorat qilish vositalari

Luckily there are many tools available to individuals, businesses, and governments that allow them to calculate the amount of financial risk they are taking on.
Yaxshiyamki, jismoniy shaxslar, korxonalar va hukumatlar uchun ko'plab vositalar mavjud bo'lib, ular o'z zimmalariga olgan moliyaviy tavakkalchilik miqdorini hisoblash imkonini beradi.
The most common methods that investment professionals use to analyze risks associated with long-term investments—or the stock market as a whole—include:

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  Fundamental analysis, the process of measuring a security's intrinsic value by evaluating all aspects of the underlying business including the firm's assets and its earnings.
  
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  Technical analysis, the process of evaluating securities through statistics and looks at historical returns, trade volume, share prices, and other performance data.
  
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  Quantitative analysis, the evaluation of the historical performance of a company using specific financial ratio calculations.
  

Investitsion mutaxassislar uzoq muddatli investitsiyalar yoki umuman fond bozori bilan bog'liq risklarni tahlil qilish uchun foydalanadigan eng keng tarqalgan usullarni o'z ichiga oladi:
• Fundamental tahlil, asosiy biznesning barcha jihatlarini, shu jumladan firma aktivlari va uning daromadlarini baholash orqali qimmatli qog'ozning ichki qiymatini o'lchash jarayoni.
• Texnik tahlil, statistik ma'lumotlar orqali qimmatli qog'ozlarni baholash jarayoni va tarixiy daromadlar, savdo hajmi, aksiyalar narxi va boshqa ishlash ma'lumotlariga qaraydi.
• Miqdoriy tahlil, muayyan moliyaviy koeffitsient hisob-kitoblari yordamida kompaniyaning tarixiy faoliyatini baholash.
For example, when evaluating businesses, the debt-to-capital ratio measures the proportion of debt used given the total capital structure of the company. A high proportion of debt indicates a risky investment. Another ratio, the capital expenditure ratio, divides cash flow from operations by capital expenditures to see how much money a company will have left to keep the business running after it services its debt.
Masalan, korxonalarni baholashda qarzning kapitalga nisbati kompaniyaning umumiy kapital tarkibini hisobga olgan holda foydalanilgan qarzning ulushini o'lchaydi. Qarzning yuqori ulushi xavfli investitsiyalardan dalolat beradi. Boshqa koeffitsient, kapital xarajatlar koeffitsienti, kompaniya o'z qarziga xizmat ko'rsatganidan keyin biznesni davom ettirish uchun qancha pul qolishi mumkinligini ko'rish uchun operatsiyalardan pul mablag'lari oqimini kapital xarajatlarga ajratadi.
In terms of action, professional money managers, traders, individual investors, and corporate investment officers use hedging techniques to reduce their exposure to various risks. Hedging against investment risk means strategically using instruments—such as options contracts—to offset the chance of any adverse price movements. In other words, you hedge one investment by making another.
Harakat nuqtai nazaridan, professional pul menejerlari, treyderlar, yakka tartibdagi investorlar va korporativ investitsiya bo'yicha mutasaddilari turli xil xavf-xatarlarga duchor bo'lishlarini kamaytirish uchun xedjlash usullaridan foydalanadilar. Investitsion tavakkalchilikdan himoyalanish har qanday salbiy narxlarning o'zgarishi ehtimolini qoplash uchun opsion shartnomalari kabi vositalardan strategik foydalanishni anglatadi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, siz bir investitsiyani boshqasini amalga oshirish orqali himoya qilasiz.