depends largely on the type and extent of the mechanical demands
placed on it. According to their external shape, bones are divided into
long, short, flat, and irregular bones. Examples of long bones (pipe bones)
are the bones of the free extremities, with the exception of the wrist and
ankle bones. Long bones are composed of a shaft (diaphysis) and an
epiphysis at each end. During growth, each diaphysis and the corresponding
epiphysis are separated by the so-called epiphyseal cartilage
(epiphyseal plate) (see Fig. 3.10, p. 85). The short bones include the cubeshaped
bones of the wrist and ankle.
Among the flat bones are the ribs, the breast bone, the shoulder blade,
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