Convenience

f
, 93
stress
causes of, 275–276, 275
f
consequences of, 276
defined, 273
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and,
273–274, 274
f
individual behavior and, 273–279
managing, 276, 278–279
types of, 274
stressor, 273, 275
f
structural control, 441–443, 442
f
bureaucratic, 442, 442
f
decentralized, 442
f
, 443
defined, 431
structural coordination techniques, 171–172
substitutes for leadership, 344
subsystems, 20
suppliers
defined, 39
task environment and, 39–40, 40
f
supply and demand
forecasting, 231–232
matching human resource, 232
supply chain management, 469
supportive leader behavior, 339
survey feedback, 208
sustainability matters
carbon footprints, measuring, 404–405
Planet Partners recycling, 49
recycling, attitudes and, 270
solar panels, affordable, 135–136
zero-landfill status, 8
SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats) analysis, 72–74, 73
f
, 93
synergy, 20
system, 19
systems perspective of organizations, 19–20,
19
f
T
tactical goal, 69
tactical plans, 83–84
defined, 69–70, 83
developing, 83–84
executing, 84
Taft-Hartley Act, 227
t
, 229–230
tall
versus
flat organizations, 167
tariff, 54
task demands, stress and, 275
Subject Index
517
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
www.MyEbookNiche.eCrater.com

---

task environment
competitors and, 39, 40
f
customers and, 39, 40
f
defined, 37
organization’s, 39–40, 41
f
regulators and, 40, 40
f
strategic partners and, 40, 40
f
suppliers and, 39–40, 40
f
task group, 395, 397
task specialist role, 402
task structure, 337
team, 397–398, 398
t
team and group incentive reward systems,
312–314
team-building, 208
team organization, 182
teams.
See
work groups and teams
technical innovations, 211, 212
technical skills
building effective, 120–121, 253, 385, 450
defined, 8
technological dimension
defined, 37
of general environment, 37–38
technology
defined, 174, 465
manufacturing, 466–468, 467
f
service, 468–469
total quality management (TQM) and, 475
f
,
476
telecommuting, 310, 374
temporary workers, 250–251
temp-to-perm, 256
tests, 234
theory, 11
Theory X, 16, 16
t
Theory Y, 16, 16
t
thinking
versus
feeling, 266
third-party peacemaking, 208
360-degree feedback, 239
time-driven decision tree, 341
f
timely information, 365
time management skills
building effective, 26, 286, 449–450
defined, 9
Tipping Point, The
(Gladwell), 21
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
227
t
, 228
total factor productivity, 479
total quality management (TQM), 475–478,
475
f
, 477
t
.
See also
quality
defined, 475
employee involvement and, 475
f
, 476
materials and, 475
f
, 476
methods and, 475
f
, 476
strategic commitment and, 475–476,
475
f
technology and, 475
f
, 476
tools and techniques, 476–478
training, in HRM, 235
transaction-processing systems (TPSs), 371
transformational leadership, 345
turnover, 283
two-factor theory of motivation, 297–298,
298
f
Type A personalities, 274
Type B personalities, 274
U
U-form approach.
See
functional (U-form)
design
unethical behavior, 43
unions, 246–248, 247
f
unit productivity, 479
unit technology, 174
unity of command, 167
universal perspectives, 20
unrelated diversification, 78–79
upward communication, 369
V
valence, expectancy theory and, 300–301
validation, 233
value-added analysis, 476
variable-interval schedule, 306
variable-ratio schedule, 306–307
venture capital companies, 144
verification stage of creativity, 281
vertical communication, 369–370, 370
f
Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment
Assistance Act, 227
t
virtual organization, 182, 188
virtual teams, 397, 398
t
Vroom’s decision tree approach, 340–343
decision-making styles and, 342–343
defined, 340
development-driven type of, 342
f
evaluation and implications of, 343
premises of, 340
time-driven type of, 341
f
W
wage-level decision, 242
wages, 240
wage structure decision, 242–243
walk-ins, 233
web logs, 372
whistle-blowing, 50
Wikinomics
(Tapscott and Williams), 397
withdrawal behaviors, 282–283
women, small businesses and, 150
workforce diversity.
See
diversity
work groups and teams.
See also
group and
team decision making
behavioral norms and, 405–407
characteristics of, 402–409
cohesiveness and, 407–408, 407
t
, 408
f
conflict and, 409–414
development stages of, 400–402, 401
f
informal leadership and, 409
managing, 391–421
negotiation and, 414–416
reasons people join, 398–400
role structures, 402–403, 402
f
types of, 394–398, 395
f
, 398
t
work in process inventory, 472, 472
t
workplace behavior, 282–284
defined, 282
dysfunctional behaviors as, 283–284
organizational citizenship behaviors as,
283
performance behaviors as, 282
withdrawal behaviors as, 282–283
work-related attitudes, 269–271
job satisfaction/dissatisfaction and,
269–270
organizational commitment and, 271
work teams, defined, 164.
See also
work groups
and teams
World Trade Organization (WTO), 56
written communication, 367–368