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1.2 Types of lexical meaning and emotive meaning of the words
Any word is available in the language used; Thus, it develops a contextual meaning called meaning, which is considered as a category, capable of taking on the meaning loaded on the word by the context.
The initial or dictionary / first meaning is available in both the language as a system and the language used. It can have emotional meaning and exist in language as a system. It is materialized as an object denominator. Emotional meaning has links that express the speaker’s feelings and emotions, not the event [I feel lonely!].
Emotional meaning can only be found in the language used. The emotional meaning of words plays an important role in stylistics, and emotional coloring can be seen as a stage of emotional meaning. Anything that has a strong effect on our emotions can be considered emotionally meaningful.
Valued meaning is used in language both as a system and in practice. Here the words are divided into positive, negative and neutral evaluation.
The figurative meaning exists only in the language used. [No help needed]. The word “help” was used figuratively, replacing the word “resque”.
Nominal meaning is a derivative logical meaning. Words like Smith, Longfello, Everest, Black Sea, Thames, Byron are said to have a nominal meaning. Many correct names have a nominal meaning and can be considered as homonyms of common names, with logical or emotional meanings, such as Hope, Browning, Taylor. The nominal meaning is always secondary to the logical meaning.
The process of developing meaning can go even further. The nominal meaning can have a logical meaning due to certain external conditions. As a result, the logical meaning derives from the nominal meaning. Some characteristic of a person that is visible to him and recognized by society becomes the basis for a new logical meaning. Thus, the hooligan (hunter) must have come from the name of the quarrelsome family, see. The Irish name is Houligan, in 1885 in a popular comic song.
Lexical meaning consciousness is any specific concept, event or thing of objective reality, whether real or imaginary. So lexical meaning is a means of creating a word form to express a specific concept.
Grammatical meaning refers to certain forms of words or constructions that relate to the relationship between words in our minds or to the structural functions of language as a system. Thus, grammatical meaning can be adequately referred to as “structural meaning”.
Lexical meaning is a conditional category. Often it does not reflect the characteristics of the thing or event. However, some meanings are called motivations, i.e. they indicate some quality or feature of the object. The conventional character of meaning can best be illustrated by the following example. In Russian the word 'бельё' is a general term denoting all kinds of articles made from flax: underwear, household articles, shirts and so on. The origin of the word is белый (white). In English this concept is denoted by the word 'linen', which is the name of the material (Latin linum - flax) from which the articles mentioned were made.
The semantic plane of words includes denotative and connotative meanings. Denotative or referent meaning, the basic type of lexical meaning, is the reference of a word to an object. This information can be individual (dog trained) or general (it is not a dog). Therefore, denotative meaning is divided into visual and semantic meanings.
The type of denotative meaning differs in different word categories. The meaning of the word situation is relative - it depends on the situation and the context: here, my son, mine, this, now.
Pronouns do not mean the name of the presenter, they only refer to him: he, he, they are. Their specific meaning is very general: he is any man. but in their speech. The reference is always individual: he is a peculiar man. The pointer to the correct names is always an individual object or person. They refer to each member of a particular class: London, Paris (cities), John, Bob (men).
The specific and general terms differ in the size of the reference group: flower -
gul; The flower - a plant. General terms have a broader meaning and can replace them any specific term: dog - English bulldog, French poodle, cocker spaniel. The referent of abstract words can be perceived by the mind, not by the mind perceptions: miracle, gentleness, control.
Connotative meaning includes a variety of additional meanings: emotional,
evaluative enhancer and expressive, e.g. hill, swallow. As a rule, connotation is present along with denotation. However, sometimes it comes first weakens the denotative meaning of the word. Words can also have a certain stylistic value. That means they’re pointing it out or that situation or functional style: science, daily life, business: take - take -shopping; child - child - baby.
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