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JIHK
H
PHK
HVKJieHHOBbie
KHCJIOTbl
H y itn e H H K H C Jio r.ia p -
0C(j)03H,npHHJIH
HyKjioTHflnap 3aH*npnaaH
Hoopax.
Nucleolus - a body found
within the nucleus o f cells
involved in the manufacture
o f ribosomes.
flapbiniKa
- 3 t o
Teno,
H a iw e H H o e
b
smpe
KJieTOK, y n a c T B y io m H x
b
n p0H 3B 0flC T B e
pHOOCOM
SflpoMa- flapo^arH
khbhk
Tanaka xnco6jiami6,
pH6ocoMajiapi inn r
xochji
6ynHuinaa HuixHpoK sxajut.
Organelle - a sub-cellular
component which carries
out a particular task
OpraHejui - s to ey
6
K,ier
0
HH
0
M
K Q M n o H e H T ,
KOTOpblH BbinOJTHaeT
onpeflejieHHyw ianaMv.
OpraHenjia-cySMHKpocKnHK
KOMnoHeHT
SyiHO,
Max.eye
Ba3H<()aHH 6a,:
MocjiauiraH.
213
Osmosis - the diffusion
o f water across the cell
membrane
O c m o c -
BO:u>;
‘icrx’
s
K J ie T O H n y io M f M S p a n v
OcMOC-xyacaflpa
wewGpauacH opKaaa,
i i y j i H
Ssuian
cvBHHHr
xanaicaTJiaHHwji
Peptide - a length o f amino
acids joined by peptide
bonds
I l e n T n n - ; u i h h o h aM H H 0 K H C ji0 T ,
coe;iMiie!iHi,i\ nenTaUHbiMH
c b h 3» m h
[ l e i i T H a - y w H
aMHHOKHCJlO XaJIH,
n e n r a o j i H o o tJ ia .v u ia n
Plasma Cell - a cell derived
from B lymphocytes which
generates antibodies.
IIia3MOUHT - Kjienca
n o ji y 'ie H a
H3 B-jIHM$OIlHTOB, KOTOpblH
BbipaSaTHBaeT aHTHTeaa.
IIjia3MOHMT-B-
j1 HManTHTejia
x o c h j i
niuiyBHH
xvstaaoa.
Tissue
-
a
collection of
cells which work together
to perform
a
function in the
body
TKaHi. -
c o B O K y n H o c T b
KieroK,
K o i o p w e
pa6oTaKrr
B M e c r e a m i B M n o jin e H H H
(jjy H K IJ H H B
Opi
aH H lM e
[ yKHMa-Keano
hhkjihih
Ba
o a x . '. p a j i m a n B a 3 H(j>acH n a p
xhji
nyaraa xyjKaiipajiap
ih ir H iia H C H .
Capsid the
protein coverage
around
virus
particle
K a n c H a a O x B a T 6 e n k a
B O K p y r BH pyC H O H
HacTMUL!
Cilia Hair-like structures
that rhythmically undulate
to DroDel Darticles
P e c H H H K H B o j i o c o n o a o n H a n c T p y i c i y p b i ,
K D X O p tie pH T M H H H O B OJ1HHCTHH AJIH
n p H B e a e H M J i
b
f l B H * e H n e
nacm u
KnnpH»rlicuTap-ycnKliaJiap
K y p H H H in n a a 6 y j i n 6 ,
flO H M H H , T yjIK H H C H M O H
X a p a K a rJ ia H V B M H K JIC H M flH p
Vacuole - a membrane
bound body found within
cells used for storage.
Baxyonb
-
CBS'jaHHWH
c
MeMSpaHOH
T e j j o n a x o r tH T C S B H y r p H
k j i c t o k
,
H c n o jn .3 y e M B > x ; i n a x p a n e H H s
BaKyona- Meju6paHa SanaH
y3BHH
6 o F . i a H r a H ,
ycHMjimc
x y J K a ii p c M M a p i c a ^ H ^ a
acaMrapsmi
Batn6 a » a D a f l H .
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:
1. Alberts B., Brey D. i dr. Molekulyamaya biologiya kletki. 3 t. M. “M ir”,
1996, 400b.
2. Atabekova A.I.,Ustinova E.I. Sitologiya rasteniy, “Agropromizdat”, M., 1987,
244b.
3. Bilich G.L. Biologiya, sitologiya, gistologiya, anatomiya cheloveka. Sankt-
Peterburg, “Soyuz”, 2001, 445b.
4. Zavarzin A.A., Xarazova A.A. Biologiya kletki: Obshaya sitologiya. SPb,
izd-vo SPb Un-ta, 1992g, 263b.
5. Zavarzin A.A., Xarazova A.A. Osnovi obshey sitologii. L. izd. LGU, 1982,
240b.
6. KuznetsovS.L.,.MushkambarovI.N.,Gory achkinaV. A. Atlas po gistologii, si
tologii i embriologii, M., 2002., 373b.
7. Rollan J.K., Seloshi A. Atlas po biologii kletki. M., “Mir”, 1974, 118b.
8. Svenson K., Uebster P. Kletka. M .”M ir”, 1980, 303b.
9. Sottiboev I., Q o‘chqorov. O 'sim lik hujayrasi. Toshkent, “0 ‘qituvchi”,
1991,120b.
10. Frey-Visling A. Sravnitelnaya organellografiya sitoplazmi. M., “M ir”, 1986,
144b.
11. Chentsov Yu.S. Obshaya sitologiya. M., MGU, 1984, 344b.
12. Chentsov Yu.S. Vvedenie v kletochnuyu biologiyu. M., IKTs “Akadem-
kniga” 2004, 514b.
214
MUNDARIJA
So‘z b o sh i................................................................................................. 3
M a’ruza 1. “Hujayra biologiyasi” fanining ....................................... 5
M a’ruza 2. Plazmatik membrananing tuzilishi va vazifalari.........32
M a’ruza 3. Sitoplazma. Hujayraning vakuolyar tizimi................... 39
M a’ruza 4. Sitoplazmaning ikki membranali organoidlari............. 71
M a’ruza 5. Fotosintez va xloroplast.................................................. 84
M a’ruza 6. Membranaga ega boim agan organellalar...................109
M a’ruza 7. Xromatin va uning faoliyati..........................................126
M a’ruza 8. Hujayraning qayta tiklanishi........................................ 143
M a’ruza 9. Endoreproduksiya........................................................... 161
M a’ruza 10. Hujayra patologiyasi va oiim i. Nekroz va a
poptoz.....................................................................................................168
Laboratoriya mashg‘ulotlari.............................................................. 180
1-Laboratoriya mashg‘uloti................................................................ 180
2-Laboratoriya mashg'uloti: mikroskopning tuzilishi va u
bilan ishlash qoidalari......................................................................... 186
3-Laboratoriya mashg‘uloti................................................................ 188
4-Laboratoriya mashg‘uioti................................................................ 190
5-Laboratoriya mashg‘uloti................................................................ 192
6-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti............................................................... 192
7-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti............................................................... 193
8-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti............................................................... 194
9-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti............................................................... 196
10-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti............................................................. 197
11-Laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. Yorugiik mikroskopi yordamida
o ‘simlik hujayralarinig membranalarini o ‘rganish......................... 205
12-Laboratoriya mashg‘u lo ti.............................................................. 211
G lossariy............................................................................................... 212
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:................................................................ 214
215
H.U.HALBEKOVA
I.A.ABDULOV
HUJAYRA
BIOLOGIYASI
Muharrir: S. T. Xashimov
Musahhih: S. Gapurova
Sahifalovchi: A. Hidoyatov
Nashriyot litsenziyasi N
2
AI 242, 04.07.2013 y.
Ofset qog‘ozi. Bosishga ruxsat etildi 14.02.2019.
Format 60x84 1/16. Garnitura «PT Serif».
Bosma taboq 13.5 Adadi 200 nusxa. Buyurtma M63.
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cheklangan jamiyati.
100029, Toshkent shahri, Navoiy ko‘chasi, 30.
Tel./faks: (+99871) 244-75-75
ISBN 978-9943-4886-6-3
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