Independent work I variant Reading task. Reading

Independent work 1.

Variant 12

1. 
   Reading task.
   

THE FATHER OF THE AMERICAN RESTAURANT

For nearly 50 years, Lorenzo Delmonico ran the foremost and largest restaurant in the United States. Nobody in the 19th century contributed more than he did to make the concept of fine restaurant dining a reality in America. Delmonico, born in Switzerland in 1813, went to New York at the age of 19 and worked with relatives in a catering firm. He soon opened a restaurant that offered an unusually large menu, including a great variety of European dishes never before served in the United States. He also served American wild game as well as a selection of wines. The success of the restaurant inspired him to open branch restaurants, including the internationally renowned Delmonico's on the corner of Broadway and 26th Street in New York City. His organization also operated its own farm in nearby Brooklyn and temporarily ran a hotel. His fame as a restaurateur brought many imitators, and between them they helped make New York City one of the primary culinary centers in the world. He was largely responsible for making the restaurant an accepted and popular institution.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

COLUMN A COLUMN B

a) most important; best ______________

b) general idea or principle _______________

c) of very good quality _______________

d) providing and serving food and drinks for groups of people _______________

e) different things of the same kind; a range of

things from which something may be chosen _______________

f) animals, birds, and fish which are hunted for food and for sport (phrase)____________

g) encourage someone to do something _______________

h) famous _______________

i) not permanently; lasting only for a short time _______________

j) a person who copies, especially one who copies a style ______________

k) together (phrase) ______________

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. One of the factors that made Delmonico's first restaurant different from other restaurants was that

A) a choice of free wine was provided along with the meal ordered

B) it used special serving dishes which were imported from Europe

C) the range of food on offer at the restaurant was uncommonly large

D) much of the food was freshly imported from European countries

E) it was the first American restaurant to serve European cuisine

2. It is clear from the passage that Delmonico

A) opened a chain of restaurants which he called "Delmonico's"

B) was first involved with the catering service in Switzerland

C) created his style by imitating other famous restaurants

D) purchased most of the ingredients of the food he served from a nearby farm

E) ran a hotel on a farm not far from New York for a while

3. We learn from the passage that Delmonico

A) went out of business when larger restaurants came into existence

B) opened the very first restaurant in New York City

C) ran a catering business with his relatives in Switzerland before he left

D) managed his organization as a family business

E) played a major role in establishing the concept of the restaurant in the USA

2. Speaking task. Speak about preparing effective presentations.

3. Writing task. Music in our life

4. Listening task.

Global warming _______________________ problem in the world today. Everyone know about it but not everyone is trying to stop it. Many world leaders are more interested _______________________ countries for the crisis. Countries like China, India and Russia say they will _______________________ America takes more action. America says it will not act _______________________ take more action. It seems a little childish that leaders are acting _______________________ . The future of our world is at risk and governments _______________________ with each other. Many presidents and prime ministers tell us that technology _______________________ . They say future scientists will find solutions to _______________________ . This is _______________________ . I hope they are right. I don’t believe them, so I’ll continue switching off _______________________ .

Independent work 1.

Variant 13

1. 
   Reading task
   

SOCRATES

Interested in neither money, fame, nor power, Socrates wandered through the streets of Athens in the 5th century BC. He wore a single rough woolen garment in all seasons and went barefoot. Talking to whoever would listen, he asked questions, criticized answers, and poked holes in faulty arguments. His style of conversation has been given the name "Socratic dialogue". He was the first of the three great teachers of ancient Greece - the other two being Plato and Aristotle. Today, he is ranked as one of the world's greatest moral teachers. His self-control and powers of endurance were unmatched. In appearance he was short and fat, with a snub nose and wide mouth. Despite his unkempt appearance, the Greeks of his day enjoyed being with him and talking with him and were fascinated by what he had to say. Socrates did not write any books or papers. The details of his life and doctrine are preserved in the "Memorabilia" of the historian Xenophon and in the dialogues of the philosopher Plato. It was chiefly through Plato and Plato's brilliant disciple Aristotle that the influence of Socrates was passed on to succeeding generations of philosophers.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

COLUMN A COLUMN B

a) simple and uncomfortable ______________

b) piece of clothing ______________

c) not wearing anything on the feet ______________

d) find the weak points in incorrect reasoning; find the mistakes

in reasons given to support or disprove something (expression) ______________

e) (be) regarded as having a particular position on a scale ______________

f) the ability not to express one's own strong feelings in an over-emotional way___________

g) the ability to bear pain, suffering or stress for a long time ______________

h) better than everybody else's; having no equals ______________

i) short, fat (used to describe the nose) ______________

j) untidy; ungroomed ______________

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. Socrates

A) wasn't at all interested in material things

B) called his conversations "Socratic dialogues"

C) wore unattractive clothes and heavy sandals

D) didn't point out others' mistakes plainly, but implicitly

E) had no influence or fame in his lifetime

2. Socrates' fellow Athenians

A) did not know anything about his real identity

B) were fascinated by his appearance

C) mocked him because of his appearance

D) eagerly read all of his works

E) enjoyed learning about his ideas

3. After Socrates' death

A) his doctrine was forgotten until Plato revived it

B) Xenophon preserved his autobiography

C) other philosophers ensured his continuing influence

D) it was discovered that he had kept a personal diary

E) people came to realize what a great philosopher he was

2. Speaking task. Speak about how to encourage participation in a web conference

3. Writing task. Should children spend much time on sports?

4. Listening task.

Freedom ____________________ thing. It seems to mean different things in different countries. People in ____________________ they have freedom, but I don’t think so. We have to go to school, we have ____________________ , we have to work, we have to do ____________________ . That’s not freedom. I’d say we have more freedom than ____________________ countries. There are many countries in the world where people ____________________ . They can’t leave the country, can’t ____________________ , and have to work 16 hours a day. I wonder what a society ____________________ if everyone was totally free to do anything they wanted. It would probably be ____________________ . No one would work. I suppose freedom means having some ____________________ .

Independent work 1.

Variant 14

1. 
   Reading task
   

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

The composer of some of the most influential pieces of music ever written, Ludwig van Beethoven created a bridge between the 18th-century classical period and the new beginnings of Romanticism. His greatest breakthroughs in composition came in his instrumental work, including his symphonies. Unlike his predecessor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for whom writing music seemed to come easily, Beethoven always struggled to perfect his work. In the late 1700s Beethoven began to suffer from early symptoms of deafness. The cause of his disability is still uncertain. By 1802 Beethoven was convinced that the condition not only was permanent, but was getting progressively worse. He spent that summer in the country and wrote what has become known as the "Heiligenstadt Testament." In the document, seemingly intended for his two brothers, Beethoven expressed his humiliation and despair. For the rest of his life he searched for a cure, but by 1819 his deafness had become total. Afterwards, in order to have conversations with his friends, Beethoven had them write down their questions and replied orally.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

COLUMN A COLUMN B

a) having an effect on others ____________

b) connect two different concepts (phrase) ____________

c) an important discovery or advance _____________

d) (of music) without singers ______________

e) one that comes before another ______________

f) happen without too much effort {phrase) ______________

g) make faultless ______________

h) a sign or effect of an illness or medical problem _______________

i) something that makes you unable to use your body or part of your body properly___________

j) increasingly ______________

k) apparently ______________

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. Perhaps the biggest problem in Beethoven's life was

A) the gradual loss of his hearing over a period of about twenty years

B) the fact that he had to respond in writing to the questions of his friends

C) when he lost his two brothers and wrote the "Heiligenstadt" for them

D) his sudden and unexpected deafness in the early nineteenth century

E) the fact that he was always being compared to the superior Mozart

2. Unlike Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,

A) Beethoven's music was loved by all sorts of people

B) Beethoven wrote music that greatly affected people

C) Beethoven refused to perform uncorrected music

D) Beethoven's music was never intended to be sung

E) Beethoven had to work very hard to write his music

3. Beethoven's music is said to

A) have brought about the end of the classical period of music

B) have had a great influence on the works of the composer Mozart

C) be among the most romantic music ever composed

D) have started a new generation of instrumental love songs

E) have served as a connection between two different periods of music

2. Speaking task. Speak about Thomas Edison’s investigating skills.

3. Writing task. Reasons why people lie.

4. Listening task.

I think I have ____________________ friends in the world. They are just as important to me as family. ____________________ are my family, really. My best friends and I all grew up together and ____________________ experiences together. We know everything about each other. I would do anything for my friends and ____________________ do anything for me. I’m sure there’s nothing in the world that ____________________ from being friends. I’ve also made ____________________ good friends from university and the different places I’ve worked. They are also important to me. We are ____________________ the world and it’s sometimes difficult to ____________________ , but we ____________________ . One day I’d like to get all of my friends together for a big party. That’d be great fun.

Independent work 1.

Variant 15

1. 
   Reading task.
   

OUR ANIMAL FRIENDS

The human race's progress on the Earth has been due in part to the animals that people have been able to utilize throughout history. Such domesticated animals carry people and their burdens. They pull machinery and help cultivate fields. They provide food and clothing. As pets they may amuse or console their owners. Domesticated animals are those that have been bred in captivity for many generations. While a single animal may be tamed, only a species of animal can be considered domesticated. In the course of time, by selective breeding, certain animals have changed greatly in appearance and behavior from their wild ancestors. There is a vast difference between the scrawny red jungle fowl of southern Asia and its descendant, the meaty, egg-laying farm chicken. Not all domestic animals are tame at all times. An angry bull, a mother goose, or a mother sow with young piglets can be vicious. Some creatures confined in zoos breed in captivity. The lion is an example. These animals are not domesticated, however, for they remain wild and dangerous.

EXERCISE 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

COLUMN A COLUMN B

a) use something in a practical or effective way _____________

b) (for a species of animal) made able to live with people ______________

c) something heavy to carry ______________

d) grow and raise plants for food _______________

e) make someone happy; make someone laugh _______________

f) give comfort or sympathy in time of sorrow _______________

g) (for individuals of wild animal species) (be) trained to live with people_______________

h) over a long period of time (phrase) _______________

i) choosing the parents of animals in order to

produce young with certain characteristics (phrase) ______________

j) very thin and bony ______________

k) a thick tropical forest ______________

EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. The author suggests that

A) people have contributed greatly to the advancement of animals

B) if there were no animals, most people would be hungry and naked

C) without the help of animals, people wouldn't have progressed so far

D) animals are generally better at working on farms than people are

E) it would be impossible to transport machines without the help of animals

2. The passage tells us that the lions kept in zoos

A) are a different variety to the wild type, altered by selective breeding

B) are capable of helping out with many jobs difficult for men

C) are not domesticated, but still wild

D) do not bear any resemblance to their ancestors in the wild

E) are not capable of breeding in captivity

3. The passage implies that, by the process of selective breeding

A) animals are altered so that they are more useful to man

B) wild animals are captured and kept in cages

C) normally friendly animals may become very dangerous

D) any wild bird is changed into a chicken over time

E) domestic animals are taught to choose their own mates

2. 
   Speaking task. Speak about Mirzo Ulughbek’s science skills.
   
3. 
   Writing task. Happiness is……
   
4. 
   Listening task.
   

I don’t understand _______________________ with gold. It’s just a soft metal. It isn’t _______________________ valuable metal. It’s interesting _______________________ culture in the world loves gold. Indians _______________________ on it. When their children get married they give gold bracelets _______________________ gifts. Most of the world’s wedding rings are gold. I know different countries prefer _______________________ of gold. In Thailand, only 24 carat is good enough, but in England, people _______________________ 9-carat gold. It seems like we have always loved gold. Think how many stories there are from hundreds of _______________________ gold treasure. In fact, if you _______________________ , Egyptian kings and queens had lots of gold. I’ll never forget Tutankhamen’s mask. The gold in that _______________________ .