Lesson 1 Grammar

Lesson - 1

Grammar: Suffikslar yordamida so‘z yasash.

So‘z yasovchi suffikslarni so‘zning ohiriga qo‘shish natijasida yangi so‘zlar yasaladi. Ularni bilish sizga gapni ma’nosini yanada chuqurroq tushunishga yordam beradi. Otlar suffikslari: example suffix translation assemblage -age yig‘indi, montaj importance -ance muhim interference -ence to‘siq tendency -ency tendensiya assistant -ant yordamchi user -er foydalanuvchi inventor -or kashfiyotchi compatibility -ility sig‘ishlik activity -ity faoliyat assignment -ment tayinlash hardness -ness qattiq conversion -sion aylanish connection -tion bog‘lanish multitude -tude ko‘p measure -sure o‘lcham Fe’l suffikslari: example suffix translation simplify -fy qisqartirmoq realize -ize Amalga oshirmoq locate -ate joylashtirmoq widen -en kengaytirmoq Fe’lning no’aniq shakli: example suffix translation processing -ing Ishlab tayyorlash, ishlab tayyorlab applied -ed foydalangan Sifat suffikslari: example suffix translation central -al markaziy compatible -ible sig‘adigan variable -able o‘zgaruvchan important -ant muhim different -ent Har - xil necessary -ary zarur useful -ful foydali useless -less foydasiz electrical -ical elektron continuous -ous davomli cloudy -y bulutli Ravish suffikslari: example suffix translation widely -ly keng

Exercise 1. Suffikslarlarga asoslanib har qatordagi otni aniqlang va hamma so‘zlarni tarjima qilishga harakat qiling.

1. 
   1. developing; 2. development; 3. developed; 4. develop (rivojlantirmoq)
   
2. 
   1. provide; 2. providing; 3. provision; 4. provided (taminlamoq)
   
3. 
   1. defend; 2. defense; 3. defensive; 4. defended (ximoya qilmoq)
   
4. 
   1. depended; 2. dependent; 3. depend; 4. dependence (qaram bo‘lmoq)
   
5. 
   1. possible; 2. possibility; 3. possibly (extimol)
   
6. 
   1. destroy; 2. destructive; 3. destruction; 4. destroyed (vayron qilmoq)
   
7. 
   1. act; 2. actual; 3. action; 4. acted (harakat qilmoq)
   
8. 
   1. produce; 2. produced; 3. productive; 4. production (ishlab chiqarmoq)
   
9. 
   1. resist; 2. resistant; 3. resistible; 4. resistance (qarshi bo‘lmoq)
   
10. 
    1. establishment; 2. establish; 3. established (o‘rnatmoq)
    

Exercise 2. Tarjima qiling. Har bir qatorda sifatni aniqlang..

1. 
   1. differ; 2. difference; 3. different; 4. differently (farqlamoq)
   
2. 
   1. achievement; 2. achieve; 3. achievable; 4. achievements (erishmoq)
   
3. 
   1. courage; 2. courageous; 3. courageously (mardlik)
   
4. 
   1. mean; 2. meanings; 3. meaningless; 4. meaningly (anglatmoq)
   
5. 
   1. prevent; 2. preventive; 3. prevention; 4. preventively (oldini olmoq)
   
6. 
   1. elect; 2. election; 3. elective (tanlamoq)
   
7. 
   1. consider; 2. considerable; 3. consideration (tahmin qilmoq)
   
8. 
   1. express; 2. expression; 3. expressive; 4. expressionism (ifodalamoq)
   

Exercise 3. Har bir qator boshida berilgan so‘zni majmuasini toping.

1. 
   Hal qilish – 1. settle; 2. settlement; 3. settled
   
2. 
   Mustaqillik – 1. dependence; 2. depend; 3. dependent
   
3. 
   Ko‘mak – 1. promote; 2. promotion; 3. promoting
   
4. 
   Maslaxat – 1. suggest; 2. suggestion; 3. suggestive
   
5. 
   Qudratli – 1. power; 2. powerless; 3. powerful
   
6. 
   Sekin – 1. slower; 2. slowest; 3. slowly
   
7. 
   Rahbariyat – 1. lead; 2. leading; 3. leadership
   
8. 
   Chegaralanmagan – 1. limit; 2. limitless; 3. limitary
   

Exercise 4. Berilgan so‘zlarni suffikslariga asoslanib 4 ta ustunga taqsimlang:
Nima? Nima qilmoq? Qanday? Qanday qilib?
activate, compiler, significant, signify, significantly, significance, identifier, global, globally, central, centralize, centrally, basic, basically.


Exercise 5. So‘zlarni suffiks ma’nosiga asoslanib ajrating va tarjima qiling.
readiness, leader, carrier, movement, effectiveness, inclusion, achievement, creator, connection, equipment, weakness, completion, decision, launcher.
Amaldagi shahs yoki vosita–
Harakat natijasi yoki jarayon –
Harakat holat –
Sifat holat –
Exercise 6. Read and translate the text.

Network configurations

1. Star
In the star configuration, the central computer performs all processing and control functions. All access devices are linked directly to the central computer. The star configuration has two major limitations. First of all, the remote devices are unable to communicate directly. Instead, they must communicate via the central computer only. Secondly, the star network is very susceptible to failure, either in the central computer or the transmission links.
2.Switched
The central switch, which could be a telephone exchange, is used to connect different devices on the network directly. Once the link is established, the two devices communicate as though they were directly linked without interference from any other device. At the end of the session, the connection is closed, freeing capacity for other users and allowing access to other devices. Multiple switches can be used to create alternative transmission routes.
3. Ring
Each device is attached to a network shaped as a continuous loop. Data proceeds in only one direction and at a constant speed round the loop. Devices may send information only when they are in control of the ‘token’. The token is a package of data which indicates which device has control. The receiving device picks up the token, then clears it for another’s use once it has received the message. Only one device may send data at any given moment, and each device must be working for the network to function.
4. Bus/ Ethernet
A bus network consists of one piece of cable terminated at each end to which all devices are connected. In a bus-based network, each device is able to broadcast a message when it has detected silence for a fixed period of time. All devices receive the broadcast and determine from the content of the message whether it was intended for them. The only problem occurs when two devices try to send at the same time. When a sending device detects another’s transmission, it aborts its own.


Exercise 7. Answer the question.Savollarga javob bering.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each network configuration?

Exercise 8. There are answers to questions about the text. Write the questions. Savollarga javob yozing.

1. To connect different devices on the network directly.

2. No, it goes in only one direction round the loop.
3. No, only one device may send data at any given moment.
4. From the content of the message.
5. It cancels its own transmission.


Lesson 2.

Grammar: Preffikslar yordami asosida so‘z yasash. So‘zlar qo‘shilishi abbreviatura.

Префиксация Preffikasiyalash - so‘zlarni yasashda keng tarqalgan uslublardan biri.