Unconventional methods of oil extraction
- horizontal drilling
- hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
- subsea engineering
Unconventional oil
- oil shale
- oil sands
- tight oil
Midstream primarily involves the storage and transport of oil & gas through a network of pipelines, trucks, rail, ships, tankers and barges to the downstream sector.
Storage
Transportation
- marine vessels
- railroads
- trucks
Gathering
Field processing
Fractionation
The downstream sector focuses on the refining of crude oil and purifying natural gas as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from them.
Refining & purifying
- refineries convert crude oil into variety of products (gasoline, diesel, asphalt, jet fuel, plastics, lubricants and etc.)
Retail
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