Прототип и отклонения от него в системе языка

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Дж. Лакофф ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ГЕШТАЛЬТЫ*

<С . .> Если считать, что язык отражает тот способ, с помощью которого человек представляет себе мир, то необходима теория языка, отражающая человеческий опыт. Именно такое требование предъявляется к основанной на опыте лингвистике: широкий круг эмпирических факторов — восприятие, мышление, устройство человеческого тела, эмоции, память, социальные структуры, сенсорно-моторные и познавательные процессы и т.п.— в значительной степени, если не целиком, обусловливает универсальные структурные характеристики языка.
Рассмотрим человека со всеми его внеязыковыми возможностями. Зададимся вопросом, какие собственно языковые способности надо добавить, чтобы подтвердить наличие чис-