Quantitative Data: Definition

Review and interpret the information to draw conclusions
Once you have gathered all the data, you can scan your information and interpret it to draw conclusions and make informed decisions. You should review the data and then:

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  Identify the main trends and issues, opportunities and problems you observe, and write a sentence about each one
  
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  Keep track of the frequency with which each of the main findings appears
  
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  Make a list of your findings from the most common to the least common
  
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  Evaluate and perform separately a list of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that have been identified in a SWOT analysis.
  
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  Preparation of conclusions and recommendations about your research
  

Review your goals before making any conclusions about your research. Keep in mind if the process you have completed and the data you have gathered help answer your questions. Ask yourself if what your research revealed facilitates the identification of your conclusions and recommendations. Review your conclusions and, based on what you know now:
Choose some strategies that will help you improve your business

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  Act on your strategies
  
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  Look for gaps in the information, and consider doing additional research if necessary
  
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  Plan to review the results of the research, and consider efficient strategies.
  

Speech styles are patterns of speaking characterized by distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, intent, participants and grammatical structures. The style of speech is normally dictated by the purpose of the speech itself. Some people choose a speech style because it is more comfortable and allows them to deliver a speech more effectively, while others are more comfortable adjusting speech style based on specific situations, including subject matter, purpose and audience. Speech Style According to Martin Joos (1976:156) means the form of language that the speaker uses which characterized by the degree of formality. He identified the styles in five classes such as frozen style, formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style.
 TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES 1) Frozen style 2) Formal style 3) Consultative style 4) Casual style 5) Intimate style
1)FROZEN STYLE - Used generally in very formal setting.
Most formal communicative style for respectful situation. Does not require any feedback from the audience. Usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary. The use of language is fixed and relatively static. Examples: national pledge, anthem, school creeds, marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony.
The writing reflects the efforts of revision It invites the reader to enter into a personal experience of creative discovery such as literary texts like poetry  As most highly formal style, it uses the complex grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary known only to experts in a particular field  It is the most formal communicative style that is often used in respectful situation or formal ceremony  Also known as fixed speech.
2) FORMAL STYLE – Used in speaking to medium to large groups.
May also be used in single hearers - strangers, older persons, professional. Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered. Avoids using slang terminologies language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well documented; is often of a standard variety. Examples: meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at a swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in a classroom.
It uses formal words and expressions. Example: Formal “Toyota’s sales bounced back in March as substantial discounts helped to win back customers who had been shaken by the firm’s mass safety recalls.” Casual/ Informal expressed counterpart: “Did you see Toyota’s sales figures? Looks like the discounts have actually worked.”Formal style most often seen in writing than in speaking – This speech style is expected to be presented in complete sentences with specific word usage – Its usually elaborate complex sentences and noun phrases are well structured, logically sequenced, and strongly coherent – It does not allow ellipsis (like omissions), contractions, qualifying modal adverbials (like probably, possibly, evidently, surely, certainly and subjectively markers ) “This whole blogging thing is getting kind of
3) CONSULTATIVE STYLE – Used in semi-formal communication. Happens in two-way participation. Most operational among other. Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say
Sentences end to be shorter ans spontaneous. Examples: regular conversation at schools, companies, group discussion, teacher-student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice. Known as the Third Level of language – It is unplanned speech – This speech style uses listener participation and feedback – The two defining features of this style are: (a) the speaker supplies background information (b) the listener participates continuously – Less appropriate for writing.
4) CASUAL OR INFORMAL STYLE – Language used between friends.
Often very relaxed and focused on just getting the information out. Slangs are quite often used in these instances. This style is used in informal situations and language
Relationship between speaker and hearer is closed. Examples: casual conversations with friends, family members, chats, phone calls and messages.
This style is used in conversations between friends and insiders who have something to share and have shared background information – There is free and easy participation of both speaker and listener – It is marked by various degrees of implicitness because of intimacy between speaker and listener – The use of language is general. It is appropriate to use casual language in situations where speech is improvised and not prepared ahead of time, or when the writer is writing quickly without editing – You also use casual language when you want to get to know someone on a more personal level, or you want the person to feel at ease.– A simple greeting with those you know well might probably be the causal: – “Hi” – “Hey” – “What’s up?” – “How is it going?” – “How do you do?” – “Nice to meet you, Mr./Mrs./Ms., Dr., Rev.” – “ Will you please excuse me for a moment?” – “Excuse me”. Casual or informal style have ellipsis, allows the use of slang, profanity, and unconventional English words – The diction or vocabulary is informal (colloquial) – Some of the vocabulary used only in casual situations are: – “dude” (a person) – “freaking out” (getting scared) – “nope” (no). Casual language uses words or phrases that are shortened like: – “I’m doin’ it my way” (doing) – “Lemme go!” (let me go) – “Watcha gonna do?” (What are you going to do?) – “Whassup?” (What’s up?)
5) INTIMATE STYLE – Completely private language used within family of very close friends or group. Uses personal language codes. Grammar is unnecessary. Does not need complete language. Certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose meaning is shared with a small subset of persons to person.
This style is used in conversations between people who are very close and know each other quite well because having a maximum of shared background information – It is characterized by an economy of words, with a high incidence of significant nonverbal communication, such as gesture, facial expression, eye contact and so on. – There is free and easy participation of both the speaker and listener, and is far more elliptical.

The scientific method

When conducting research, scientists use the scientific method to collect measurable, empirical evidence in an experiment related to a hypothesis (often in the form of an if/then statement), the results aiming to support or contradict a theory.
"As a field biologist, my favorite part of the scientific method is being in the field collecting the data," Jaime Tanner, a professor of biology at Marlboro College, told Live Science. "But what really makes that fun is knowing that you are trying to answer an interesting question. So the first step in identifying questions and generating possible answers (hypotheses) is also very important and is a creative process. Then once you collect the data you analyze it to see if your hypothesis is supported or not."