Sheroz Akhmadov

Sheroz Akhmadov @Sheroz_Akhmadov9 +(998) 99 844 37 97


GRAMMAR
L I S T E
N I
_N ESSENTIAL ENGLISH
^G GRAMMAR RULES
PART I SHEROZ AKHMADOV


+ (998) 99 844 – 37 - 97
ELLION PRINTING PRESS GULISTAN - 2021
1

بام ل الرحمن الرحيم
GRAMMAR
Step 1
Lesson 1:


THEME: NOUNS – COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE. (OTLAR – SANALADIGAN VA SANALMAYDIGAN)


Shaxs yoki narsani ifodalab who – kim va what – nima so’roqlariga javob bo’luvchi so’zlarga noun (ot) deyiladi:
a book – kitob, a worker – ishchi, an apple – olma etc.


Otlarning o’ziga xos xususiyatlari shundaki, ulardan oldin artiicle (artikl) yoki preposition (predlog) qo’llashimiz mumkin:
for the book – kitob uchun, to a worker – ishchiga, with an apple – olma bilan.


Ingliz tilida otlar 2 turga bo’linadi:

1. 
   Countabcle nouns – Sanaladigan otlar: Sanash mumkin bo’lgan, ko’plik va birlik shaklda ishlatiladigan otlar sanaladigan otlar deyiladi. Ularning oldidan birlikda noaniq artiicl (a/an) artikl ishlatiladi. Ushbu otlar hech qachon birlikda o’zlari ishlatilmaydi. Ko’plikda esa ishlatilishi mumkin:
   

a cat – two cats; a dog – three dogs, an apple – a lot of apples, etc.
Do you want a banana? (Do you want banana emas) I like bananas. (Ko’plikda)

2. 
   Uniountabcle nouns – Sanalmaydigan otlar: Sanash mumkin bo’lmagan va faqat birlikda ishlatiladigan otlarga sanalmaydigan otlar deyiladi. Ular bilan noaniq artiicl (a/an) ishlatilmaydi. Ular oldidan some/any gumon olmoshi miqdorni berish uchun ishlatiladi. Ularga quyidagi guruh otlar misol bo’ladi:
   

1. 
   Fcluids (suyuqcliiclar): milk, water, oil, honey, tea, etc.
   
2. 
   Subjeits (fan nomclari): mathematics, mother tongue, physics, psychology, etc.
   

i) Languages (ticl nomclari): Uzbek, French, Chinese, Arabic, etc.

4. 
   Soclids (qattiq materiaclclar): ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, silver, etc.
   
5. 
   Gases (gazclar): steam, air, oxygen, smoke, etc.
   
6. 
   Partiicles (mayda bo’claicli moddaclar): rice, corn, dust, flour, grass, pepper, salt, sand, etc.
   
7. 
   Abstraitions (mavhum otclar): beauty, confidence, truth, information, news, time, energy, grammar, homework, luck, music, etc.
   
8. 
   Reireations and aitivities (io’ngicl oihar mashg’uclotclar): soccer, tennis, chess, driving, studying, swimming, travelling, walking etc.
   
   1. 
      Naturacl phenomena (tabiat hodisaclari): weather, fog, hail, heat, rain, snow, thunder, wind, sunshine, fire, etc.
      

j) Whocle groups made up of simiclar items (bir xicl narsaclardan tashiicl topgan guruh otclar): clothing, equipment, food, garbage, fruit, hardware, junk, luggage, makeup, postage, furniture, jewelry, traffic, etc.