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STUDIES ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EUPHEMISM IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Eschanova Mavjuda
Master student, English language and literature department,
Urgench State University,
E-mail address: ……………
Annotatsiya: Maqolada efimizm tushunchasining mazmunini ochib beradi. Lingvistik rivojlanishning boshlang'ich davridan toki zamonaviy bosqichlariga oid turli davrlarda efmistik so’zlarni o'rganish jarayoni ko'rib chiqiladi.
Kalit so'zlar: tilshunoslik, efimizm, efimistik ma’no, defemizm
Аннотация: Статья раскрывает содержание явления зфмизм. Рассматривается процесс изучения зфмизм. в разные периоды развития лингвистики, от истоков до современного этапа
Ключевые слова: лингвистика, зфмизм., зфмистик дефимизм
Abstract: The article reveals the content of the phenomenon of euphemism. The process of studying euphemisms in different periods of linguistic development is defined from the beginnings to the modern stage.
Keywords: linguistics, euphemism, euphemistic meaning, deuphemism
In our society the life of language is as a tool of communication among human being which cannot be realized without its constant use. Current days seems to us people usually worry to use of words or phrases which are uncomfortable and inappropriate for the environment or circumstances in which a conversation happens or where appropriate speech should be held. Therefore, majority of people in all places and all the time tried to find the word that should be less offensive, less harsh instead of saying very shocking or very offensive. Another key point should be considered that the ethnography of euphemisms are less explored in Uzbek therefore there is not enough clear idea of what area of linguistics it is. We may look through the ideas of euphemisms in general studies can have three main types:
euphemisms appear under the influence of primitive worldview and disappear in the cultural phase of society;
euphemisms exist as language fact, passive lexical layer;
Euphemisms also serve as a means for speech and style.
In fact that within the progression of the language euphemism is also developing. Particularly, new worldviews and new ethics create in turn new forms of euphemisms. Many investigations were devoted to the problems of euphemisms euphemism in different languages during the twentieth and twenty first centuries. For example: G. Paul, R.O.Shor, B.A. Larin, L.P. Krysin, A.S.Kurkiev, E.P. Senichkina and others. Additionally in Islam religion majority sources also provide valuable information about euphemism, the verses of the Qur'an show that using euphemism are useful for all instead of taboo. For instance, the term Maoriz in Arabic corresponds to the concept of euphemisms. There is a hadith where this term is used:
It is narrated by prophet Anas ibn Molik. One day The prophet Mohammed was on his way to a farewell pilgrimage. The leader of caravan was adapted to marching caravan, and they were moving faster or slower. One of camels was moving quickly which was causing discomfort to the woman, who was mother of prophet in the caravan. Analyzing this situation the prophet Mohammed, commanded the leader of caravan not to hurry, but explained it in a beautiful way with the help of euphemism. From this hadith it is clear that speaking in a beautiful way is also profit for humanity in religion. There are many mythological, ethnic rituals, socio-historical causes, religious beliefs on the basis of taboos and euphemisms. That is why there are a lot of linguistic, ethnographic, mythological, religious and ideological studies devoted to the study of taboo and euphemism.
As other linguistic topics current theme has been investigated and many problems of euphemism have been emphasized by a number of major scholars and this issue has been adequately investigated due to the other languages such as Russian and Turkish languages. If we search the definition of euphemism it is well-known that the term is derived from Greek, and means to speak well or sweetly, for softening and to be applied to achieve beauty, language, and a culture of communication. In twentieth century many works are dedicated to this topic especially about the problems of euphemistic lexicon or its related to other language phenomena. Following linguists can be a good example who writes about euphemism: G. Paul, R.O.Shor, B.A. Larin, L.P. Krysin, A.S.Kurkiev, E.P. Senichkina andothers. L.A. Bulakowski writes: "Euphemism is a formula for 'preventing danger'..., with changing the original name of a bad thing or event, and talking about them without calling them evil forces." [1:22].
If we discuss about the classification of euphemism there exist many ideas on the classification of euphemisms. According to Holder’s classification is noteworthy. According his classification euphemisms are divided into 60 small classes of lexical-semantic features. Comparatively, A.M. Katsev gives more less types of euphemisms in number 10 thematic groups. [5:10]
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