Tashkent financial institute Statistics and econometrics department Population statistics

COMPONENTS OF POPULATION

• The components of population change can be defined narrowly or broadly.
• Defined narrowly there are three components: births, deaths, and migration.
• Defined more broadly, the components include the factors that affect the components of change. Births, for example, are affected by factors such as family formation and use of contraception, while deaths are affected by nutrition, the efficacy of public health measures, and medical advances. Migration is affected by personal characteristics such as age, occupation, and educational attainment, as well as by other situations which may operate as “push” or “pull” factors.

A Brief History

• Confucius (502–479 BC)
• Plato 360 BC and Aristotle 354 BC

large population growth could result in lower labour productivity
optimum population size for the wellbeing of society

contributions

• Giovanni Botero (1558)
• Thomas Malthus (1798),
• William Goodwin (1793)
• Nicolas Condorcet (1781).
• Benjamin Gompertz (1825)
• Pierre Verhultz (1845, 1847).
• Raymond Pearl and Lowell Read (1920)

contributions

• William Farr (1856–1859)
• Richard Bockh (1884)
• John Snow (1854)
• Henry Carey (1837–1840)
• Ernst Ravenstein (1889)
• Edwin Cannan (1895)
• Arthur Bowley (1924)
• Pascal Whelpton (1928)

Demographic Information COLLECTING DATA

• CENSUS
• REGISTERS
• SURVEY

• A well known study of mortality was John Graunt’s Bills of Mortality in England (1662). Annual reports of births, marriages and deaths in Paris became available in the seventeenth century (1670), and national vital statistics registration became law in Sweden in 1748 and in England and Wales in 1874.

CENSUS

• In the past, some form of census activities were carried out in Babylon, China, India, Greece and the Roman Empire, Japan and some European countries (e.g., Iceland in 1703 and Sweden in 1748).