The eu in brief



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EU

The European Union: 500 million people – 27 countries

  • Member states of the European Union
  • Candidate countries

23 official languages

Enlargement: from six to 27 countries

  • 1952
  • 1973
  • 1981
  • 1986
  • 1990
  • 1995
  • 2004
  • 2007
  • Formal agreement on enlargement in 1998; 10 new EU members in 2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia; plus Bulgaria and Romania in 2007
  • candidates: Croatia, FYRoM and Turkey

The treaties – basis for democratic cooperation built on law

  • 1958 The treaties of Rome:
  • The European Economic Community
  • The European Atomic Energy Community
  • (EURATOM)
  • 1987 The European Single Act: the Single Market
  • 1993 Treaty of European Union – Maastricht
  • 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam

How does the EU spend its money?

  • 2010 EU budget: €141.5 billion = 1.20% of gross national income
  • Citizens, freedom,
  • security and justice
  • 2%
  • Other, administration
  • 6%
  • Sustainable growth:
  • jobs, competitiveness, regional development
  • 45%
  • Natural resources:
  • agriculture,
  • environment
  • 41%

Climate change – a global challenge

  • To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2007 to:
  •  reduce greenhouse gas emissions
  • by 20% by 2020 (30% if other developed
  • countries do likewise)
  •  improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020 
  •  raise the share of renewable energy
  • to 20% by 2020 (wind, solar, hydro
  • power, biomass)

Jobs and growth

  • Challenges:
  • Demography: Europeans live longer, have fewer children [500 million population]
  • Globalisation: European economy faces competition from other parts of the world
  • Climate change: Emission of greenhouse gases must come down
  • Solutions:
  • European leaders have therefore agreed on a joint strategy for:
  • More research and innovation
  • A more dynamic business environment
  • Investing in people
  • A greener economy

Research - investing in the knowledge society

  • Spending on research and development in 2006 (% of GDP)
  • 1.8%
  • 3.0%
  • 1.3%
  • 2.6%
  • 3.4%
  • EU
  • EU objective
  • China
  • Japan
  • United States

Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy

  • 2007-2013: €347 billion invested for infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for less
  • well-off regions or citizens
  • Regional fund
  • Social fund
  • Cohesion fund
  • Convergence objective: regions with GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average. 81.5% of the funds are spent on this objective.
  • Regional competitiveness and employment objective.

The euro – a single currency for Europeans

  • EU countries using the euro EU countries not yet using the euro
  • The EU – a major trading power
  • Share of world trade in goods (2007)
  • Share of world trade in services (2007)
  • Others
  • 53.2%
  • EU
  • 17%
  • United States
  • 14.5%
  • Japan
  • 5.8%
  • China
  • 9.5%
  • Others
  • 40.6%
  • EU
  • 28.5%
  • United States
  • 18.2%
  • Japan
  • 6.8%
  • China
  • 5.9%

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