The Language of Law School This page intentionally left blank

participation: and gender)
and sex, 229n.12
genres, 19, 26, 29–30, 50, 142–144, 162,
241n.3
legal, 60, 77, 79, 210, 247n.43 (
see also
case law genre)
Goffman, Erving, 104, 233n.45, 246n.42
Goodale, Mark, 238n.117, 274n.53
Gooding, Susan, 239n.121, 240n.13,
259n.5
Goodwin, Charles 19, 231n.29, 232n.35
Goody, Jack, 233n.52
grammar, 17–20, 63, 149, 230n.21,
231n.27, 231n.30, 272n.42
Granfield, Robert, 210, 239n.123,
250nn.1–2, 250n.5, 259n.2,
264nn.66–67, 269n.10
Greenhouse, Carol, 29, 227nn.2–3,
239n.121, 274n.55
Guinier, Lani, 27, 174, 187, 188, 237n.101,
259n.1, 260n.31, 264n.67, 264n.70
Gulati, Mitu, 179, 259n.8, 260n.34,
264n.66, 276n.64
Gumperz, John, 19, 231n.29, 232n.35
Hantzis, Catherine, 228n.9, 236n.87
Harris, Angela, 229n.12
Hastie, Reid, 250n.18
Heath, Shirley Brice, 1, 24, 225n.2,
232n.37, 233n.51, 234n.62, 239n.2,
239n.4
Hill, Jane, 232n.35
Hirsch, Susan, 29, 214, 216, 226n.6,
227n.2, 234n.68, 235n.81, 238n.115,
238n.118, 270n.22, 272n.43, 273n.48,
274n.56
history, 13, 48–49, 63–64, 169, 238n.116,
252n.36
of legal education, 26–27, 235n.82,
243n.22
holding (legal), 28, 62, 72–73, 80, 112
humor, 68–69, 116, 153, 154, 162–163,
178, 181
hypotheticals, 65, 73–74, 77, 81, 108, 126

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304
Index
icons, 20, 59, 94, 216, 231n.31, 232n.38,
238n.106, 242n.10, 245n.38, 249n.64,
256n.24
identity, 29, 209–210, 239n.120,
277n.67
initiate (initiand; law student), 21–22,
100, 115, 135–137, 233n.47
legal professional, 122–123, 129–130,
237n.100, 246n.41
and liminal state, 22, 233n.47
social, 32, 239n.121
ideology, 96, 103, 104, 110, 116–120, 134,
137, 214–221. 
See also
 language: as
filter
implicit, 19–20, 98, 131, 214, 232n.34,
270n.24
linguistic, 3–5, 19–21, 28, 95, 106, 108,
127, 131–137, 170, 214–220, 232n.37
and pedagogy, 23, 179, 234nn. 67–69
professional, 127–128, 134–137, 228n.7
textual, 46, 49–50, 56–59, 62–64, 94–96,
214–216
indexicality, 25, 59, 94, 152, 215, 231n.31,
232n.39, 233n.43, 238n.106, 243n.16,
245n.38
indirect quotation, 103, 251n.21. 
See also
reported speech
intersectionality, 139, 196, 202
intertextuality, 95–96, 107, 247n.47,
253n.48
Irvine, Judith, 20, 216, 232n.35, 232nn.
37–38
Jakobson, Roman, 18, 230n.23
Jefferson, Gail, 240n.15
justice, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 47, 58–59, 73, 77,
79, 98, 123–124, 213, 216, 228n.10,
245n.38, 271n.37
Kennedy, Duncan, 26, 27, 51, 228n.9,
235n.78, 235nn.81–82, 236n.87,
236n.91
Krauskopf, Joan, 187, 188, 260n.132,
263n.64
Krupnick, Catherine, 262n.48
Kurylowicz, Jerzy, 231n.26
Labov, William, 234n.62
Langdell, Christopher Columbus, 1, 26,
27, 219, 225n.1, 236n.88, 243n.22
language
and education, 233n.59
as filter, 5, 62–64, 75–76, 83, 94–96,
123–124, 131–137, 220, 226n.7,
239n.120, 247n.49, 250n.7
and ideology, 5 (
see also
 ideology:
linguistic)
structure, 5, 17–21, 127, 137
Larson, Jane, 230n.16
Lawrence, Charles, III, 228n.10
law schools, 38, 226n.16. 
See also
education: legal; history: of legal
education
cultures of, 6, 173
and indigenous caste system, 28, 142–
143, 169–173, 179, 183, 188–189,
196, 198–199, 210–211, 222, 225n.3,
258nn.39–40, 276nn.63–64
law students, 11, 26–28, 37–38, 215,
226nn.15–16, 228n.10, 233n.47,
236n.90, 237n.98, 265n.72, 266n.84.
See also
 identity: initiate
perspectives of, 197–201
Lazarus-Black, Mindie, 227n.2, 234n.68,
235n.81, 239n.121, 274n.54
Leacock, Eleanor, 234n.70
lecture, 51, 57, 75, 86–89, 142–143, 164–
169, 170
legal doctrine, 5, 57–59, 70–75, 82, 100–
101, 113–116, 123–124, 169–170,
199, 201, 213–214, 227n.6, 229n.11,
235n.79, 236n.92, 248n.60, 252n.28
legal facts, 61, 65–74, 79–82, 145–146, 215
legal landscape, 105, 111, 126, 128–130
legal opinions, 26, 46, 52–54, 57–60, 63,
170, 242n.8. 
See also
 case law genre
legal persona, 97, 99–129, 135–137,
235n.78, 253n.50, 269n.13,
277n.69
legal procedure. 
See
 procedural history
legal profession/practice, 11–14, 27–28,
62, 98, 188, 215, 221, 223, 227n.6,
237n.100, 238n.109, 248n.63,
274n.56, 277n.69
legal reasoning, vii, 5–6, 13–14, 16, 26–28,
30, 41, 170, 217–219, 270n.24. 
See
also
 education: legal; epistemology
Levi, Edward, 6, 26, 58, 63, 74, 226n.8,
235nn.78–79, 241n.1, 242n.11,
245n.36, 247n.50, 248n.60, 270n.24

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Index
305
linguistic anthropology, 3, 16–24, 29–30,
31–33, 82, 134, 215, 217–218,
231n.27, 233n.51, 245n.38, 271n.37,
273nn.48–49
literacy (literacies), 23–24, 49–50, 60,
233nn.52–56, 233nn.58–59
Lucy, John, 230n.20
Lugones, María, 209
Macaulay, Stewart (relational contract),
227n.4, 252n.29, 252n.32, 266n.84
MacKinnon, Catherine, 226n.10
Martin, Joanne, 28, 238nn.110–111,
253n.40, 258n.39
Maru, Olavi, 235n.82
Matoesian, Gregory, 29, 33, 104, 105, 110,
134, 216, 235n.81, 238nn.115–116,
239n.8, 240n.15, 248n.55, 250n.12,
250n.17, 250n.19, 252n.27, 256n.22,
256n.24, 272n.43
Matsuda, Mari, 228n.10
Matthews, Nancy, 240n.113
Maynard, Douglas, 235n.81
Mehan, Hugh, 24, 233n.51, 233n.59,
234n.62, 239n.2, 246n.41
Menkel-Meadow, Carrie, 228n.9,
236nn.87–88, 277n.69
Merry, Sally, 29, 33, 239nn.119–120,
239n.8, 269n.15, 271n.36,
274n.54
metalanguage, 29, 61, 88–89, 103, 152,
170, 214–217, 226n.7, 239n.120
metalinguistic discourse, 20–21, 80, 82–
83, 154, 166, 232n.39
metalinguistic structure, 94–96, 98, 110,
157–158, 164, 223, 238n.106,
272n.42
effect on awareness, 17–21, 134–135,
219, 228n.10, 231n.30, 232n.34
metapragmatic language, 107, 125, 130–
133, 135, 152, 158, 214, 215,
238n.106, 243n.12, 272n.42
methodology, 4, 13, 23, 31–37, 239n.123,
239nn.9–14
metonymy, 218
Michaels, Sarah, 24, 176, 233n.51,
234n.59, 234n.60, 256n.21, 259n.10
Minow, Martha, 139, 235n.78, 253n.3
monologue, 109–110, 142, 147, 164, 170,
246n.42, 251n.24
Moore, Sally Falk, 238n.116
morality, 26–27, 29, 58, 76, 98, 120–128,
133, 135, 214, 220, 233n.49. 
See also
norms; values
Nader, Laura, 238n.117, 274n.53
narrative, 54–59, 61, 79–82, 104, 145–155,
176, 231n.29, 233n.49, 233–
234nn.59–61, 248n.57
conflict stories, 5, 54, 94–96, 133,
242n.8
Njogu, Wamucii, 259n.5
norms, 15–16, 22, 170, 205, 214, 234n.59,
249n.3, 270nn.24–25. 
See also
morality
Nourse, Victoria, 229n.11, 252n.37
O’Barr, William, 29, 32–33, 137, 171,
173, 227n.3, 228n.8, 235n.81,
238nn.115–116, 239n.5, 239n.7,
240n.16, 272n.43
Obiora, Leslye, 229n.12
Ochs, Elinor, 231n.31, 232n.40, 251n.26,
251n.33
oral argument (appellate), 109, 145, 170,
255n.13
pair-part structure (adjacency pairs), 36,
109, 112, 123–124, 134, 147–150,
170, 240n.18, 246n.42
and turn-taking, 35–37, 162, 167
parallelism, 148–149, 162, 256n.20
Parmentier, Richard, 231n.24, 231n.31,
245n.38