Word-groups lecture 12 Word-groups vs phraseological units

MOTIVATION IN WORD-GROUPS

• A word-group is lexically-motivated if the combined lexical meaning of the group is deducible from the meaning of its components, e.g. red flower, heavy weight, take lessons.
• If the combined lexical meaning of a word-group is not deducible from the lexical meanings of its constituent components, such a word-group is lexically non-motivated, e.g. red tape (official bureaucratic methods) take place (occur).

The degree of motivation can be different. Between the extremes of complete motivation and lack of motivation there are innumerable intermediate cases.

• The degree of motivation can be different. Between the extremes of complete motivation and lack of motivation there are innumerable intermediate cases.
• E.g., the degree of lexical motivation in the nominal group black market is higher than in black death, but lower than in black dress, though none of the groups can be considered completely non-motivated.

Completely motivated word-groups are correlated with certain structural types of compound words.

• Completely motivated word-groups are correlated with certain structural types of compound words.
• Verbal groups having the structure V+N, e.g. to read books, to love music, etc., are habitually correlated with the compounds of the pattern N+(V+er) (book-reader, music-lover);
• adjectival groups such as A + +prp+N (e.g. rich in oil, shy before girls) are correlated with the compounds of the pattern N+A, e.g. oil-rich, girl-shy.

Seemingly identical word-groups are sometimes found to be motivated or non-motivated depending on their semantic interrelation. Thus, apple sauce is lexically motivated when it means ‘a sauce made of apples’ but when used to denote ‘nonsense’ it is clearly non-motivated.

• Seemingly identical word-groups are sometimes found to be motivated or non-motivated depending on their semantic interrelation. Thus, apple sauce is lexically motivated when it means ‘a sauce made of apples’ but when used to denote ‘nonsense’ it is clearly non-motivated.
• Completely non-motivated or partially motivated word-groups are called phraseological units or idioms.