Zahiriddin muhammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti ingliz tili grammatikasi kafedrasi

Glossariy ……..…………….…………………………….........................153

Ilovalar…….…..……………….………………..………….....................158

1. 
   Fan dasturi……………………………………………………………...158
   
2. 
   Ishchi fan dasturi ……………………...……….....................................166
   
3. 
   Tarqatma materiallar …………………………………………………..182
   
4. 
   Testlar ……………………………………………….............................202
   
5. 
   Ishchi fan dasturiga muvofiq baholash mezonlarini qo’llash bo’yicha uslubiy ko’rsatmalar ……………………………………………………..224
   
6. 
   Boshqa qo’shimcha materiallar ………………………...........................227
   

1. 
   O’QUV MATERIALLARI
   

1. 
   MARUZA MASHG’ULOTLARI (Ma’ruzalar 30 soat)
   

№	Mavzular nomi	Ajratilgan soat
		Jami	Ma`ruza	Amaliy	Laborator.	Seminar	Must. ta`limm
VIII - semestr
1.	Introduction to Comparative Typology.	6	2	-	-	2	2
2.	Comparative typology of phonological systems of Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
3.	Comparative typology of morphological systems of Modern English and Uzbek and Russian (nouns, pronouns)	8	2	-	-	2	4
4.	Comparative typology of the verb in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
5.	Comparative typology of the adjective, adverb and numeral in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
6.	Comparative typology of syntactic systems (phraseme) in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
7.	Comparative typology and comparative typological classification of phrasemes in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	6	2	-	-	2	2
8.	Comparative typology of simple sentences in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	6	2	-	-	2	2
9.	Comparative typology of semantic-structural classification of simple sentences in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
10.	Comparative typology and classification of parts of the sentence in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
11.	Comparative typology of polytaxemes (composite sentences) in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
12.	Comparative typology of collataxemes and parataxemes in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
13.	Comparative typology of hypotaxemes with subject, predicative, object and attributive clauses in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
14.	Comparative typology of hypotaxemes with adverbial clauses in Modern English and Uzbek and Russian	8	2	-	-	2	4
15.	Isomorphic and allomorphic features of Modern English and Uzbek / Russian and methodology of teaching languages and problems of translation	8	2	-	-	2	4
	Jami:	114	30	-	-	30	54
	Umumiy jami:	114	30	-	-	30	54

LECTURE 1 (2 hours)
THEME: INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY
Plan:

1. 
   Introduction to "Comparative Linguistics"
   
2. 
   Comparative linguistics and Comparative typology - as a branch of comparative linguistics (studying two languages in contact for linguodidactic purposes ).
   
3. 
   Comparative typology and similar other branches of linguistics
   
4. 
   Comparative linguistics.
   
5. 
   Comparative historical linguistics.
   
6. 
   Contrastive linguistics(Differential linguistics).
   
7. 
   .Confrontative linguistics.
   
8. 
   Contact linguistics
   
9. 
   Linguistic characterology
   
10. 
    Linguistic typology.
    
11. 
    Areal linguistics.
    
12. 
    Comparativistics.
    
13. 
    Comparative typology and translation science, lexicography, and methods of teaching English.
    
14. 
    Purposes pursued in studying Comparative typology:
    

1. 
   working out methodical recommendations for teaching languages;
   
2. 
   working out methodical recommendations for translation;
   
3. 
   verification of language universals, recessives. and uncials;
   
4. 
   developing language theory;
   
5. 
   establishing new features that may not be noticed in monolingual studies;
   
6. 
   revealing unique features;
   

15. 
    Principles and methods of comparative typological analysis.
    
16. 
    Dominating or determinating features of languages.(leftbranching, rightbranching, middlebranching, prepositional /postpositional languages? SVO, SOV, VSO, OVS, VOS, OSV)
    
17. 
    Conclusion.
    

Key words: comparative liguistics , comparative typology, other branches of linguistics based on method of comparison, comparative linguistics, confrontative linguistics, contrastive linguistics, linguistic characterology, linguistic typology, areal linguistics, comparativistics or even comparatology, comparative typology and translation(lexicography, and methods of teaching English), principles and methods of comparative typological analysis, .notions of “a type of a language” and “a type in a language”, linguistic universals and recessives, unicals, etc.
The course of the lecture:
There are many directions in modern linguistics that study language such as:

1. 
   general linguistics
   
2. 
   special linguistics
   
3. 
   comparative linguistics
   
4. 
   comparative historical linguistics
   
5. 
   contrastive linguistics
   
6. 
   differential linguistics
   
7. 
   confrontative linguistics
   
8. 
   contact linguistics
   
9. 
   comparative typology
   
10. 
    linguistic characterology
    
11. 
    linguistic typology
    
12. 
    areal linguistics
    
13. 
    cognitive linguistics
    
14. 
    linguoculturology
    
15. 
    sociolinguistics
    
16. 
    ethnolinguistics
    
17. 
    psycholinguistics
    
18. 
    computational linguistics,
    
19. 
    bio (neuro)linguistics, etc.
    

All of these linguistic directions have one and the same object of analysis, that is “language”, but they differ in subject matter, purposes, tasks and object of linguistic analysis.
Amongst them there is one largest direction called “comparative linguistics”, which uses comparative method of linguistic analysis. There are also relative directions to comparative linguistics such as:

1. 
   comparative linguistics
   
2. 
   historical comparative linguistics
   
3. 
   contrastive linguistics
   
4. 
   differential linguistics
   
5. 
   confrontative linguistics
   
6. 
   contact linguistics
   
7. 
   comparative typology
   
8. 
   linguistic characterology
   
9. 
   linguistic typology
   
10. 
    areal linguistics
    

All of these linguistic directions are united by one factor, that is by comparative method of linguistic analysis.
Comparative linguistics is a direction that studies at least two languages irrespective of their family relations and kinship, here the main purposes being:

1. 
   developing or elaborating the language theory,
   
2. 
   working out some methodical recommendations for translation process
   
3. 
   working out some methodical recommendations for lexicographical research,
   
4. 
   verifying already existing language universals
   
5. 
   revealing certain aspects and issues of languages that may not be noticed when they are subjected to monolingual analysis.
   

A renowned comparative linguist U.K.Yusupov suggests that comparative linguistics should be studied as to the two main purposes:
1) theoretical purpose
2) practical purpose (Yusupov 2007)
By practical purpose the scholar means the study of the linguodidactic aspects of comparative linguistics.
By the first purpose the same author means all the theoretical issues including elaboration of language theory, verifying the language(or linguistic ) universals( absolute universals, frequentals (dominating features), implications, recessives and unique features(or unicals), establishing comparative typological data for translation activities, and for lexicographical research, revealing the features that not to be noticed when languages are subjected to monolingual analysis.
In comparative linguistics the names of such outstanding scholars as V.D.Arakin, V.N.Yartseva, B.A.Serebrennikov, V.G.Gak, U.K.Yusupov, J. Buranov, and others are well-known as the main specialists comparative typologists who have worked out the fundamentals and theoretical foundations of comparative linguistics, including the principles and methods of comparative typological analysis, whose works have already become table –top books.
As we see comparative typology is one of those linguistic directions that studies two languages in contact in comparison for linguodidactic purposes
As we know, comparative typology is a relatively independent science suggested for graduation courses. It is a teaching discipline recommended for learning in 1970 at language faculties of institutes and universities. The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the systematic comparative study of the structures of Modern English and Uzbek/Russian especially in three main aspects of them:
1) phonetics-phonology
2) grammar ( morphology and syntax)
3) word stock (lexis)
This means that we shall learn the three main systems of the Compared Languages:
1) phonological system;
2) grammatical system;
3) lexical system
We pursue the following six main purposes in studying Comparative Typology:

1. 
   to work out methodical recommendations for teaching English at Uzbek/Russian schools;
   
2. 
   to work out methodical recommendations for translation process;
   
3. 
   to develop language theory;
   
4. 
   to verify the established language universals
   
5. 
   to reveal such features as unnoticeable ones when learned alone
   
6. 
   to reveal the unique features of languages
   

Comparative typology is a branch of linguistics and it is closely linked with all linguistic levels of analysis.
We will study the structure of Modern English and Uzbek (Russian) as to phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactical systems.
An all-round comparative typology of the languages in question is subordinated to one main purpose, that is to the introduction of future teachers of the English language and translators/ interpreters to the comparative study of English Uzbek and Russian in order that they (specialists- to- be ) may work out a theoretically well based, linguodidactically well grounded methods of teaching a foreign (English) language on the one hand and of translation activities from English into Uzbek or Russian and vice versa, on the other.
This kind of comparative study of the languages is achieved by distinguishing both similarities and dissimilarities (original typological features) between the languages in question.
Comparative typology is a part of general linguistics and takes its certain worthy place among other branches of it.
There are certain correlations between the comparative typology and the other branches of general linguistics based on the method of comparison (comparative method) which are:

1. 
   Comparative historical linguistics
   
2. 
   Comparative linguistics
   
3. 
   Contrastive linguistics
   
4. 
   Differential linguistics (contrastive linguistics)
   
5. 
   Confrontative linguistics
   
6. 
   Contact linguistics
   
7. 
   Characterological linguistics
   
8. 
   Areal linguistics
   
9. 
   Typological linguistics
   

Let’s characterize each of them separately, showing their similarities and dissimilarities:

1. COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS studies degree of relationship (kinship) and origin of languages by establishing genetic links between languages compared, main purpose being restoration of the parent language (прaязык - bоbо тiл) from which the languages compared have originated. So the object of in vestigation for comparative historical linguistics is the relative languages-kin languages for example: Turkic languages, Roman languages, Slavonic languages ,Germanic languages etc: