Electric current

Generation of static electricity

Static electricity is the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects when they come in contact with each other and are then pulled apart. One surface acquires a positive charge, the other, a negative charge. Friction (rubbing of the surfaces) is not required, although in many situations it greatly enhances the phenomenon. Electrostatics involves study of the properties associated with such charge buildup.
Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces come in contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually noticed only when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow. This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed. These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge.
For example, electric charge is built up when wool is rubbed against plastic or the soles of shoes rub on carpet. The mild shock one receives when touching a grounded object after walking on carpet is an example of excess electrical charge accumulating in one's body from frictional charging between one's shoes and the carpet. The resultant charge buildup within the body can generate a strong electrical discharge. Lightning is an example of giant electrical discharge in the atmosphere.
Statik elektr energiyasini ishlab chiqarish
Statik elektr - bu jismlar bir-biri bilan aloqa qilganda ular yuzasida elektr zaryadining to'planishi va keyin bir-biridan ajralib ketishi. Bir sirt musbat zaryad oladi, ikkinchisi manfiy zaryad oladi. Ishqalanish (sirtlarni ishqalash) talab qilinmaydi, garchi ko'p holatlarda bu hodisani sezilarli darajada kuchaytiradi. Elektrostatika bunday zaryadning to'planishi bilan bog'liq xususiyatlarni o'rganishni o'z ichiga oladi.Zaryad almashinuvi har qanday ikkita sirt bir-biri bilan aloqa qilganda va bir-biridan ajralganda sodir bo'lsa-da, zaryad almashinuvining ta'siri odatda sirtlarning kamida bittasi elektr oqimiga yuqori qarshilikka ega bo'lganda seziladi. Buning sababi shundaki, yuqori qarshilikli sirtga yoki undan o'tadigan zaryadlar o'zlarining ta'sirini kuzatish uchun u erda ko'proq yoki kamroq vaqt davomida ushlab turiladi. Keyinchalik bu zaryadlar ob'ektda ular erga qon ketguncha yoki zaryadsizlanish orqali tezda zararsizlanguncha qoladi.
Masalan, jun plastmassaga surtilganda yoki poyabzal tagligi gilamga ishqalanganda elektr zaryadi hosil bo'ladi. Gilamda yurgandan keyin erga ulangan narsaga teginish paytida yuzaga keladigan engil zarba, oyoq kiyimi va gilam orasidagi ishqalanish zaryadidan tanada ortiqcha elektr zaryadining to'planishiga misol bo'ladi. Natijada tanadagi zaryadning to'planishi kuchli elektr zaryadini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Chaqmoq atmosferadagi ulkan elektr razryadlarining namunasidir.