Toshkent davlat sharqshunoslik universiteti xmis va turizmi fakulteti

Biznes, savdo va iqtisodiyot: bārkod < barcode [VF 55], bizenes < business [MM 96], damping < dumping (= Pers. bāzār-šekāni [VF 71-2]), kāmpāni < company, lobbi < lobby, māni < money (also: čenğ < change, dollar < dollar), perāis-list < price list (= Pers. bahā-nāme) [VF 61].

Kiyim-kechak buyumlari: kot < coat, beleyzer < blazer [MM 92], smoking < smoking [MM 53, HS 30], tišert < T-shirt, over-kot < over coat [MM 72].

Ta’lim tizimiga oid so‘zlar: em-es < M.Sc. ‘Master of Science’ [MM 65], open-yuniversiti < open university (= Pers. danešgāh-e āzād, āmuzeš-e bāz) [MM 33], āy-kiyu < I.Q. ‘Intelligence Quotient’ (= Pers. bahre-ye huš [MM 29]).

Oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar: āyriš-kofi < Irish coffee [MM 28], āys-ti < ice-tea [MM 28], beyken/biken < bacon [MM 97], bārbekiyu < barbecue (= fors. kebāb) [MM 82], berāndi < brandy [MM 87], belender < blender (= fors. maxlut-kon) [VF 56], berger < burger ‘a sandwich’ (čiz-berger < cheese-burger, hām-berger < ham-burger, čiken-berger < chicken burger) [MM 88], beyking-pāder < baking powder [MM 97], čāp-(e)stik < chopsticks [MM 159], čāyniz (food, kitchen) < Chinese (cf. fors. čini): restorān-e čāyniz ‘Chinese restaurant’ [MM 159], čips < chips ‘British French fries’ [MM 160], čiz < cheese (= Pers. panir): estek < steak [MM 49], fast-fud < fast-food, fud-perosesor < food processor, kečāp < ketchup, sāndvič < sandwich [HS 495], keyk < cake [HS 533], milk-šeyk <milk-shake, pāp-korn < popcorn [MM 101], tost < toast (nān-e tost = nān-e berešti), toster < toaster, toster-āven < toaster oven [VF 66], fāst-fud < fast-food (= fors. tond-xorāk), viski < whisky [SH 713].

Uy-ro‘zg‘or bilan bog‘liq semantik guruh: čiler < chiller, derāver < drawer (= fors. kešoi) [VF 70], felāver-bāks < flower-box [VF 80], ferizer < freezer [VF 79], park< park (= fors. mānak); self-servis < self-servis

Siyosat, huquq, tartibot: afsar < officer (= fors. < Arab. ma’mur ‘officer, official’; āpārtāyd < apartheid [MM 4], apilānt < appellant [FS 12], bāykot <boycott [MM 86], pālisi < policy (instead of Pers.-Arab. siyāsat) [MM 107], pārti < party (= Fors.-Arab. hezb ‘(political) party’, passport < passport (= fors. gozār-nāme) [M 105], perezident < president (= Fors.-Arab. ra’is) [MM 112].

Pop madaniyat bilan bog‘liq semantik guruh: album < album (longplay), berek-dāns < break-dance [MM 88], dancing < dancing [MM 164], disko < disco, estār < star (shou yulduzi) super-estār [MM 45], kārton < cartoon, pānk < punk [MM 108], pāp < pop [MM 101].

Sport: āf-sāyd < offside [MM 12], ārābik < aerobic(s), badminton <badminton [MM 87], bāl < ball [MM 84], basketball <basketball [MM 90], berij < bridge [MM 89], beys < base [MM 96], beys-bāl <baseball [MM 97], boling < bowling [MM 96], doping < doping [VF 72]

Yangi texnologiyalar: adaptor < adaptor [MM 6], ampelifāyer < amplifier [MM 19], animeyšin < animation [MM 70, VF 53], ānsering-māšin < answering machine (= fors. payām-gir) [VF 53], dāš-bord < dashboard [MM 163], digital < digital, eskān < scan [MM 51], eslou-moušen < slow motion [MM 52], eyr-kāndišen < air condition [MM 77], žakuzi < Jacuzzi [VF 69], kopi kardan < copy, kopi-rāyt < copy right [VF 84], leyzar < laser, mobile < mobile, silikān < silicon, terminal < terminal.

Kompyuter va internet bilan bog‘liq semantik guruh: bāyt < byte [MM 86], čat < chat (= Pers. sohbat, goft-o-gu ), disk < disc,(disk-e saxt, derāyv-e hārd ‘harddisc; hard drive’), eror < error, imeyl < e-mayl (= Pers. post-e elektroniki [VF 54]), import < import [MM 78], informeyšen < information [MM 79], kāfi-net < internet cafe, kāmpyuter < computer (= Pers. rāyāne ‘arranger’), kelik < clic, konekt < connect (= Pers. vasl kardan), link šodan < link, māus < mouse, menu < menu, modem-e kābeli < cable modem, perāsesor < processor, sāit-e internet < internet site, server < server (servis-dehande), sistem < system, seyvaz kardan < safe as, virus < virus.

Eronning ijtimoiy tarmoq foydalanuvchilari kundalik muloqotiga qo‘shilgan inglizcha so‘zlar orasida o‘xshashlik, ta’qib qilish, izohlash, hosil qilish, ekran tasvirini qo‘shish, bloklash va taqiqlash kabi so‘zlar mavjud. Quyidagi jumlalar Eronning ijtimoiy tarmoq foydalanuvchilarining so‘zlashuvida inglizcha kredit so‘zlaridan foydalanishning o‘ziga xos misollaridir:

• لطفاَ منو فلو کنید – (Please follow me).

• لایک بسیار! – (Many likes!)

• لطفاَ کامنت بذارید – (Please give comments).

• منو اد کن – (Add me)

• چرا منو بلک کردی – (Why did you block me?)

Ijtimoiy tarmoqlardan foydalanishga bo‘lgan qiziqish ortib borayotgani tufayli, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda bunday so‘zlarni ishlatish tobora ko‘paymoqda. Ushbu so‘zlardan foydalanishni yoki ularni almashtirishni to‘xtatishda ba'zi harakatlarni amalga oshirgan bo‘lsa-da, Eron xalqi ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda amalga oshirayotgan faoliyatida so‘zlash uchun inglizcha so‘zlardan foydalanishda davom etmoqda.

XULOSA

“Fors tilida yevropacha o‘zlashmalarning struktur-semantik tahlili” mavzusidagi kurs ishi yakunida quyidagi xulosalarga keldik:

1. 
   Fors tili leksikasi o‘z ichki imkoniyatlari va boshqa tillardan so‘z olish asosida rivojlanib bormoqda. Yevropa tillari (fransuz, rus va ingliz) dan so‘zlarning o‘zlashishi, asosan, forscha muqobil topilmaganda yuz berishi kuzatildi.
   
2. 
   Fors tilida boshqa tillardan o‘zlashgan qatlam so‘z boyligining ellik foizidan ko‘prog‘ini tashkil etadi. Ular asosan arab, turk, fransuz, rus hamda oxirgi o‘n yilliklarda fors tiliga kirishi kuchaygan ingliz tili leksik birliklaridir.
   
3. 
   Tahlillar natijasi fors tilida inglizcha o‘zlashmalar fransuzcha va ruscha o‘zlashmalardan ko‘ra kata qismni tashkil etishini ko‘rsatdi. Bu holat hozirgi kunda ingliz tilining fan-texnika tili ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Shuningdek, ingliz tili leksikasiga oid ba’zi so‘zlar yoshlar orasida ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda keng foydalanilayotganini ta’kidlash zarur.
   
4. 
   Fors tiliga fransuz, rus va ingliz tillaridan asosan ot so‘z turkumiga oid so‘zlar o‘zlashgan bo‘lib, mazkur tillardagi fe’l so‘z turkumiga oid so‘zlar fors tiliga o‘zlashganda qo‘shma fe’lning ot qismi vazifasida qo‘llaniladi.
   
5. 
   Yevropacha o‘zlashmalar orasida fors tilida salmoqli o‘rinni egallaydigan inglizcha o‘zlashmalar mavzuga oid ikki tilli lug‘atlar hamda manbalardan biznes, savdo va iqtisodiyot, kiyim-kechak buyumlari, ta’lim tizimiga oid so‘zlar, oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar, uy-ro‘zg‘or bilan bog‘liq semantik guruh, siyosat, huquq-tartibot, pop madaniyat bilan bog‘liq semantik guruh, sport, yangi texnologiyalar, kompyuter va internet bilan bog‘liq leksik-semantik guruhlarga bo‘lgan holda tahlilga tortildi.
   

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR VA MANBALAR RO‘YXATI:

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentlari asarlari

1. 
   Kаrimоv I.А. Bаrkаmоl аvlоd – Oʻzbekistоn tаrаqqiyotining pоydеvоri. - T.: Shаrq, 1997.
   
2. 
   Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Erkin va farovon, demokratik O‘zbekiston davlatini birgalikda barpo etamiz. –Toshkent: “O‘zbekiston”, 2016.
   

Ilmiy adabiyotlar

O‘zbek tilidagi adabiyotlar

3. 
   Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – Toshkent., 2009. – 108 b.
   
4. 
   Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т.1. – 632 б, Т. 2. – 717 б.
   

Rus tilidagi adabiyotlar

1. 
   Еремина К. Н. К проблеме языковых контактов. – Европеизмы в современном персидском языке.- М.: Наука, 1980.
   
2. 
   Исмаилов А. К. Вопросы нормирования лексического состава персидского языка и деятельность Академии языка и литературы. Исследования по восточным языкам.- М.: 1973.
   
3. 
   Пейсиков Л.С. Лексикология современного персидского языка. – Москва, 1975.
   
4. 
   Рубинчик Ю. А. Развитие языка и вопросы иноязычного влияния на языковую систему (арабизмы и европеизмы в персидском языке). Лексические заимствования в языках зарубежного востока. Социологический аспект (Сборник).- М.: «Наука», 1991.
   
5. 
   Ю. А. Рубинчик. Персидско-русский словарь. Москва. 1983.
   

Ingliz tilidagi adabiyotlar

6. 
   Aliye K.Z. Russian Loanword Adaptation in Persian // Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, – Tehran, 2011. – Vol. 3, – No.1
   
7. 
   Haim S. Persian-English dictionary. New York. 1993.= [SA]
   
8. 
   Moširi M. Farhang-e vāže-hā-ye orupāi dar fārsi [Dictionnaire des mots européens en persan]. Tehrān, 1993.= [MM]
   
9. 
   Paraskiewicz K. English loanwords in New Persian: Folia Orientalia,Vol. 52, Krakov, 2015­
   
10. 
    Sadri-Afšār Q. Farhang-e fārsi-ye emruz. [A Conetmporary Persian Dictionary]. Tehrān, (1375) 1996 = [SA]
    
11. 
    Samā’i S.M. Farhang-e loqat-e zabān-e maxfi [A Persian Dictionary of Argot]. Tehrān. (1375) 1996 = [SS]
    
12. 
    Sālemi K. Farhang-e estelāhāt-e kāmpyuter va internet [Dictionary of Computer and Internet]. Tehrān. 1354 = [KS]
    
13. 
    Skeat W.W. A Concise etymological dictionary of the English language. – Oxford, 2013.
    
14. 
    Steingass, F.J. A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature. London. 1892 = [FS]
    

Fors tilidagi adabiyotlar

15. 
    محمد تفی بهار ملک الشعرا. سبکشناسی. تهران 1337
    
16. 
    شباهت واژه ها در زبانهای فارسی و انگلیسی. تهران، ١۳٨٦ حسین ملا نظر.
    
17. 
    رضا زمردیان. فرهنگ واژه های دخیل اروپایی در فارسی. تهران، ١٣٩٠
    
18. 
    واژه های مصوب فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی.. چاپ اول: ١٣٧٦، چاپ دوم: ١٣٧٨.
    

Manbalar

1. 
   . روزنامه ی اطلاعات. چهارشنبه 8 اسفند 1397، 27 فوريه 2019، شماره 27232
   
2. 
   روزنامه ی اطلاعات.سه شنبه 14 اسفند 1397، 5 مارس 2019، شماره 27237
   

1^ Еремина К. Н., К проблеме языковых контактов. – Европеизмы в современном персидском языке.- М.: Наука, 1980. б. 26-32.

2^ Еремина К. Н., К проблеме языковых контактов. – Европеизмы в современном персидском языке.- М.: Наука, 1980. б. 46-52.

3^ Рубинчик Ю. А., Развитие языка и вопросы иноязычного влияния на языковую систему (арабизмы и европеизмы в персидском языке), Лексические заимствования в языках зарубежного востока, Социологический аспект (Сборник).- М.: «Наука», 1991.б. 150-163.

4^ Исмаилов А. К., Вопросы нормирования лексического состава персидского языка и деятельность Академии языка и литературы, Исследования по восточным языкам.- М.: 1973.б. 54-68.

5^ رضا زمردیان. فرهنگ واژه های دخیل اروپایی در فارسی. تهران، ١٣٩٠

6^شباهت واژه ها در زبانهای فارسی و انگلیسی. تهران، ١۳٨٦ حسین ملا نظر.

7^ Paraskiewicz K. English loanwords in New Persian: Folia Orientalia,Vol. 52, Krakov, 2015­ P.14.

8^ شباهت واژه ها در زبانهای فارسی و انگلیسی. تهران، ١۳٨٦ حسین ملا نظر.

9^ Skeat W.W. A Concise etymological dictionary of the English language. – Oxford, 2013. – P. 319.

10^ Skeat W.W. A Concise etymological dictionary of the English language. – Oxford, 2013. – P. 621.

11^ Skeat W.W. A Concise etymological dictionary of the English language. – Oxford, 2013. – P. 336.

12^ Skeat W.W. A Concise etymological dictionary of the English language. – Oxford, 2013. – P. 91.

13^ Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т. 2. – Б. 443.

14^ Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т. 1. – Б. 209.

15^ Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т. 1. – Б. 94.

16^ Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т. 1. – Б. 72.

17^ Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати. – Москва, 1981. – Т. 1. – Б. 36.

18^ Paraskiewicz K. English loanwords in New Persian: Folia Orientalia,Vol. 52, Krakov, 2015­ P. 282.

19^ Paraskiewicz K. English loanwords in New Persian: Folia Orientalia,Vol. 52, Krakov, 2015­ P. 283.

20^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.39-42.

21^ Ko‘rsatilgan kitob. B. 40.

22^ Heath J.G. Language contact and language change // Annual Review of Anthropology. – London, 1984. ­ P. 36

23^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.54.

24^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.54.

25^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.54.

26^ Ko‘rsatilgan kitob. B. 57.

27^ Aliye K.Z. Russian Loanword Adaptation in Persian // Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, – Tehran, 2011. – Vol. 3, – No.1

28^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.55.

29^ Ko‘rsatilgan kitob. B. 56.

30^ Quronbekov A. Fors tili leksikologiyasi. – T., 2009, ­ B.56.